广东省清远市青少年抑郁症状的临床特征调查

Clinical characteristics of depression symptoms in adolescents in Qingyuan city,Guangdong Province

目的揭示广东省清远市青少年抑郁症状的临床特征。方法2022年3-4月采用分层随机抽样的方法在广东省清远市随机抽取16所中学,再从每所中学的各个年级中分别随机抽取2个班级,共抽取131个班级,以班级的所有学生作为调查对象。采用自编一般情况问卷评估人口学特征,流行病学调查中心用抑郁量表评估抑郁症状。共发放问卷6000份,获得有效问卷5762份,问卷有效回收率为96.0%。结果5762名学生中肯定存在抑郁症状者1915名(33.2%),肯定存在抑郁症状学生年龄16(15,17)岁,高峰16岁,占28.5%(546/1915)。出现频率居前3位的抑郁症状依次为自卑感[30.2%(579/1915)]、烦恼[16.2%(311/1915)]、空虚感[15.4%(295/1915)]。其中女生、高中生、0~6岁养育者为其他人、单亲家庭、有睡眠问题、非学习每天电子产品使用时间大于或等于1 h的青少年抑郁症状检出率较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论广东省清远市青少年抑郁症状检出率较高,抑郁症状青少年面临自卑、烦恼和空虚感。性别、年龄、养育者、家庭结构、睡眠、电子产品的使用时间与抑郁症状有关。

Objective To reveal the clinical characteristics of adolescent depressive symptoms in Qingyuan City,Guangdong Province.Methods From March to April 2022,stratified random sampling method was adopted to randomly select 16 middle schools in Qingyuan City,Guangdong Province,and then two classes from each grade in each middle school were randomly selected,a total of 131 classes were selected,and all the students in the class were taken as the investigation objects.Demographic characteristics were assessed by self-designed general situation questionnaire,and depressive symptoms were assessed by depression scale made by epidemiological survey center.A total of 6000 questionnaires were sent out,and 5762 valid questionnaires were obtained,with an effective recovery rate of 96.0%.Results Among the 5762 students,1915(33.2%)had definite depressive symptoms.The age of students with definite depressive symptoms was 16(15,17)years old,and the peak was 16 years old,accounting for 28.5%(546/1915).The top three depressio n symptoms were inferiority[30.2%(579/1915)],annoyance[16.2%(311/1915)],and emptiness[15.4%(295/1915)].Among them,girls,high school students,0-6 years old parents of other people,single parent families,sleep problems,non-study electronic products use time greater than or equal to 1 h per day,the detection rate of adolescent depressive symptoms was higher,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of depressive symptoms is high in Qingyuan City,Guangdong Province.The adolescents with depressive symptoms face inferiority,annoyance and emptiness.Gender,age,caregiver,family structure,sleep,and time spent on electronic devices were associated with depressive symptoms.