2018-2022年上海五角场社区水痘流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Wujiaochang Community of Shanghai from 2018 to 2022

目的:了解上海五角场社区水痘发病流行病学特征,为水痘防治提供参考依据。方法:收集2018-2022年上海五角场社区水痘病例资料,并进行统计描述分析。结果:2018-2022年上海五角场社区共报告水痘病例807例,年平均发病率为135.40/10万。2018-2022年水痘发病率均呈下降趋势,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(趋势)=182.35,P<0.001)。水痘发病高峰在当年10月至次年1月(占49.32%)和4-6月(占22.55%);各年龄组中6~10岁年龄组报告病例最多(占21.81%);以本市户籍报告病例为主(占90.33%);不同职业中学生报告病例最多(占47.83%)。5年间不同性别、户籍报告水痘构成比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄组和职业报告病例构成比差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=153.81和χ^(2)=83.47,均P<0.001)。结论:上海市五角场社区水痘发病率总体较高,且呈季节性发病特征,重点发病人群为学生,主要分布在6~10岁年龄段儿童。应针对以上流行特征提供针对性防控措施。

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella morbidity in Wujiaochang Community of Shanghai,and to provide reference for varicella prevention and treatment.Methods:The data of varicella cases in Wujiaochang Community from 2018 to 2022 were collected and analyzed with descriptive statistics.Results:A total of 807 varicella cases were reported in Wujiaochang Community of Shanghai from 2018 to 2022,with an average annual incidence of 135.40/100000.The incidence of varicella showed a downward trend from 2018 to 2022,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2) _(trend)=182.35,P<0.001).The peak morbidity of varicella was from October of that year to January of the following year,accounting for 49.32%and from April to June,accounting for 22.55%;the age group of 6~10 years old reported the most cases among all age groups,accounting for 21.81%;most of the cases were reported in registered residence of Shanghai,accounting for 90.33%;the most cases were reported among students in different occupations,accounting for 47.83%.There was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of varicella cases reported by different genders and household registration during 5 years(P>0.05);there were significant differences in the constituent ratio of the reported cases among different age groups and occupations(χ^(2)=153.81,and χ^(2)=83.47,P<0.001).Conclusion:The morbidity of varicella in Wujiaochang Community of Shanghai is generally high and it has seasonal onset characteristics,and the main morbidity population are students,who are mainly distributed in children aged 6~10 years.Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to the above characteristic.