摘要
随着数字技术的迅猛发展,数字科技伦理问题日益凸显。欧盟已经形成相对完善的数字科技伦理监管政策体系,并设置相关监管机构,具有一定的借鉴意义。对欧盟数字科技伦理监管进展进行分析后发现:第一,欧盟数字科技伦理监管主体包括立法层的欧盟委员会、欧洲议会、欧洲理事会;在制度执行层,主要包括欧盟和成员国相应的数字科技伦理监管机构;行业组织和协会则发挥着提供意见和咨询等作用。第二,监管政策布局以人工智能和大数据为重点领域,重点议题主要面向人工智能的可信赖与负责任式创新、数据安全与隐私保护、互联网安全。第三,监管模式与机制为欧盟统一框架引领下成员国各具特色的双重监管,注重综合性监管政策与细分监管政策的配合且多元社会主体共同参与其中。欧盟相关实践对中国开展数字科技伦理监管的启示在于:在制度设计上,要注重软性约束与硬性监管相结合、全局性监管与专门性监管并行,加强双边和多边伦理监管制度建设;在监管模式上,要广泛吸纳多元主体参与数字科技伦理监管政策的制定,形成中央和地方一致且协调的双重监管,并设置相应的伦理监管机构来保障制度的有效执行;在社会生态赋能上,要加大数字科技领域的创新投资力度,推动数字科技的广泛应用和协调发展,加强国际合作与交流。
With the rapid development of digital technology,the ethical issues of digital technology are becoming increasingly prominent.The European Union(EU)has formed a relatively complete regulatory policy system and regulatory institutions for digital technology ethics,which has certain reference significance.After analyzing the progress of digital technology ethics regulation in the EU,this article finds that:Firstly,the regulatory bodies of digital technology ethics in the EU include the European Commission at the legislative level,the European Parliament,and the European Council,as well as the corresponding digital technology ethics regulatory agencies in the EU and member states at the institutional implementation level;Moreover,industry organizations and associations play a role in providing advice and consultation.Secondly,the regulatory policy layout focuses on AI and big data,and the key topics are mainly AI oriented trusted and responsible innovation,data security and privacy protection,and internet security.Thirdly,the regulatory model and mechanism are the unique dual regulation of member states under the unified framework of the European Union,emphasizing the coordination of comprehensive regulatory policies and segmented regulatory policies,with the participation of diverse social entities.The EU's experience in conducting ethical regulation of digital technology in China is drawn from the combination of soft constraints and hard regulations in institutional design,parallel global and specialized regulations,and strengthening the construction of bilateral and multilateral ethical regulatory systems.In terms of regulatory models,it is necessary to widely incorporate multiple entities into the formulation of ethical regulatory policies,form a unified and coordinated dual regulation between the central and local governments,and establish corresponding ethical regulatory agencies to ensure the effective implementation of the system.In terms of social ecological empowerment,it is necessary to increase innovation investment in the field of digital technology,promote the widespread application and coordinated development of digital technology,and strengthen international cooperation and exchange.
作者
肖红军
张丽丽
阳镇
XIAO Hong-jun;ZHANG Li-li;YANG Zhen
出处
《改革》
北大核心
2023年第7期73-89,共17页
Reform
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“国企混合所有制改革的实现路径选择研究”(20&ZD073)
中国社会科学院国情调研重大项目“数字科技伦理监管制度调查研究”(GQZD2023009)
中国社会科学院登峰战略企业管理优势学科建设项目。
关键词
数字科技
科技伦理
监管模式
digital technology
technology ethics
regulatory model