基于中国专利公布公告网探讨治疗慢性肾炎中药复方专利中用药及配伍特点

Study on the Medication Characteristics and Combination Rules of Medicinals in the Treatment of Chronic Nephritis with Chinese Herbal Compound Formula based on China Patent Announcement

目的 基于中国专利公布公告网分析治疗慢性肾炎的中药复方的用药与配伍特点。方法 收集中国专利公布公告网治疗慢性肾炎的中药复方专利,统计中药使用情况,并运用Python进行高频药物功效分类及性味归经统计;基于R语言分析中药复方关联规则;采用SPSS 22.0软件进行高频药物聚类分析;采用Cytoscape 3.9构建药物复杂网络,并展现潜力新方新药的关联性。结果 共纳入中药复方专利249项,包含671味中药,用药频次前五位分别为黄芪(112次)、茯苓(94次)、白术(76次)、益母草(63次)、丹参(61次),药物类别以补虚药(573次)、利水渗湿药(248次)、活血化瘀药(237次)为主,性味以寒(917次)、温(804次)、甘(1699次)、苦(986次)居多,多归属肝经(1226次)、脾经(1063次)、肾经(1045次)、肺经(1032次)。高频药物聚类分析得到5个药物组合,分别为:1)女贞子、菟丝子、淫羊藿、大黄、薏苡仁;2)红花、桃仁、牛膝;3)陈皮、杜仲、车前子;4)山茱萸、石韦;5)生地黄、牡丹皮。常用对药有黄芪-茯苓、黄芪-白术、白术-茯苓等,常用的角药组合有黄芪-白术-茯苓;核心药物为黄芪、茯苓、白术、白茅根、甘草、山药、泽泻、当归、益母草、大黄、车前子等。结论 中国专利公布公告网治疗慢性肾炎的中药复方的高频药物及常用药物组合以补虚、利湿、活血为核心,与目前对慢性肾炎本虚标实的病机认识基本一致。

Objective To analyze the medication characteristics and combination rule of medicinals of Chinese herbal compound formulas in the treatment of chronic nephritis based on the China Patent Announcement.Methods We first collected the patents of Chinese herbal compound formulas for the treatment of chronic nephritis from China Patent Announcement Network.The use of herbal medicine was calculated,and Python was used to classify the func⁃tions,nature,flavors and channel entry of high-frequency herbs;the association rules of Chinese herbal compound formulas were analyzed based on R language;SPSS 22.0 software was used for high-frequency herbs cluster analysis;Cytoscape 3.9 was used to build a complex network and show the relevance of potential new formulas and herbs.Results A total of 249 patents of Chinese herbal compound formulas were included,involving 671 herbs.Top five high-frequency herbs included Huangqi(Radix Astragali,112 times),Fuling(Poria,94 times),Baizhu(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,76 times),Yimucao(Herba Leonuri,63 times),and Dangshen(Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae,61 times).The categories were mainly deficiency supplementing herbs(573 times),urination promot⁃ing and dampness percolating herbs(248 times),and blood invigorating and stasis dissolving herbs(237 times).The nature and flavors were mainly cold(917 times),warm(804 times),sweet(1699 times)and bitter(986 times),and channel entry was mostly liver(1226 times),spleen(1063 times),kidney(1045 times)and lung(1032 times).High-frequency herbal cluster analysis obtained five herbal combinations,which were(1)Nyuzhenzi(Fructus Ligustri Lucidi),Tusizi(Semen Cuscutae),Yinyanghuo(Herba Epimedii),Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei),Yiyiren(Semen Coicis);(2)Honghua(Flos Carthami),Taoren(Semen Persicae),Niuxi(Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae);(3)Chenpi(Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae),Duzhong(Cortex Eucommiae),Cheqianzi(Semen Plantaginis);(4)Shanzhuyu(Fructus Corni),Shiwei(Folium Pyrrosiae);(5)Shengdihuang(Rhizoma Radix Rehmanniae),Mudanpi(Cortex Moutan).Commonly used pairs of herbs were Huangqi-fuling,Huangqi-baizhu,and Baizhu-fuling,and the three-herb combination was Huangqi-baizhu-fuling.The core herbs were Huangqi,Baizhu,Baimaogen(Rhizoma Imperatae),Gancao(Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae),Shanyao(Rhizoma Dioscoreae),Zexie(Rhizoma Alismatis),Danggui(Radix Angelicae Sinensis),Yimucao,Dahuang,Cheqianzi.Conclusion The high-frequency herbs and commonly used herbal combinations of Chinese herbal compound formulas for the treatment of chronic nephritis in China Patent Announcement are centered on supplementing deficiency,draining dampness,and promoting blood circula⁃tion,which are basically consistent with the current understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic nephritis.