栖龙湾土壤侵蚀影响因子分析

Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Soil Erosion in Qilong Bay

土壤侵蚀是导致生态环境恶化和土地生产力下降的主要原因,而坡度、降雨强度、降雨量和植物措施和工程措施是影响土壤侵蚀的重要因素。栖龙湾小流域以山地棕壤为主,以栖龙湾10个径流小区2008-2016年观测数据为基础,对土壤侵蚀因素和侵蚀量进行分析,得到了如下结论:①对于莱芜栖龙湾小流域,坡度对土壤侵蚀的影响并不明显。②在各个降雨量变化区间,土壤侵蚀量随坡度的增大增加,土壤侵蚀量并不是单一增长或减少的原因可能与溅蚀率有关。③3种类型径流小区土壤侵蚀量依次为:耕地小区>裸地小区>林地小区。④当降雨强度和降雨量较小时,无需大规模的采取水土流失防治措施;当降雨强度或降雨量较大时,板栗结合鱼鳞坑的水土保持措施效果更好。⑤植被覆盖度越高,土壤侵蚀量越小;植被覆盖度越低,土壤侵蚀量越大。

Soil erosion is the main cause of ecological environment deterioration and land productivity decline,while slope,rainfall intensity,rainfall and land use type are important factors affecting soil erosion.Qilong Bay small watershed is dominated by mountain brown soil.Based on the observed data of 10 runoff plots in Qilong Bay from 2008 to 2016,soil erosion factors and erosion amount were analyzed,and suggestions were put forward for soil and water conservation measures of brown soil.The results are as follows:①Slope has no significant effect on soil erosion in Qilongwan watershed of Laiwu.②In each rainfall variation range,soil erosion increases with the increase of slope,and the reason for soil erosion is not a single increase or decrease,which may be related to the sputtering rate.③The soil erosion amounts of the three types of runoff plots are in the following order:cultivated land plot>bare land plot>forest plot.④When the rainfall intensity and rainfall amount are small,there is no need to take erosion control measures on a large scale;when the rainfall intensity or rainfall amount is large,the soil conservation measures of chestnut combined with fish scale pits are more effective.⑤The higher the vegetation coverage,the smaller the soil erosion;the lower the vegetation coverage,the greater the soil erosion.