滦河支流水质评价及农业面源污染来源的相关性

Water Quality Evaluation of Luanhe Tributaries and Correlation of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution

为深入了解并改善承德地表水水质现状,实现研究区域内生态可持续发展。现采用加拿大水质指数(CCMEWQI)评价法、主成分分析法,进行水污染源探讨和主要农业面源污染指标的相关性分析。研究对象为区域内四条主要支流,河流水质检测结果显示:TN浓度超标2.25~12.80倍,部分断面存在粪大肠菌群、TP、COD浓度超出地表水Ⅲ类标准的情况;柳河上、下游断面CCMEWQI水质评价结果基本稳定在80.74~89.00,武烈河及伊逊河近年来源头污染问题加重,单因子评价水质类别基本符合水功能区目标水质;初步认定污染主要来源于生活污水或农田耕作、降雨径流、浮游生物的生长繁殖、石油泄漏;瀑河主要农业面源污染物浓度与水质评价结果呈显著负相关关系。瀑河农业化肥施用量和畜禽粪尿的减少对水质评价结果存在正向影响;但城镇污水仍然是伊逊河、武烈河、柳河、瀑河主要的污染贡献来源。近年来承德主要支流水质有所改善,但水质污染问题依旧存在,且各支流在地理条件和土地利用的影响下存在不同的污染现状。因此应积极推动各支流专项治理工作,搭建城市地下市政管道系统,改革现代化污水处理技术厂区,加强工业企业生产的监督管理;精耕细作,科学限制农业化肥投加比例,规范畜禽养殖模式,推进承德地区社会主义现代化生态文明建设的历史进程。

In order to deeply understand and improve the current situation of surface water quality in Chengde,and realize the sustainable development of the research area,the CCME WQI water quality evaluation method and main component analysis were discuss water pollution source and conduct the correlation analysis of main agricultural non-point source pollution index.The study objects were four main tributaries in the region.The test results of river water quality showed that TN concentration exceeded the standard by 2.25~12.8 times,and the concentration of fecal coliform,TP and COD exceeded the class III standard of surface water in some sections.The results of CCME WQI water quality assessment on the upper and lower sections of Liuhe River were basically stable in the range of 80.74~89.00.The source pollution problem of Wulie River and Yishun River was aggravated in recent years.The single factor evaluation result of water quality category was basically in line with the target water quality of water function area.It was preliminarily determined that the main pollution sources were domestic sewage or farmland farming,rainfall runoff,plankton growth and reproduction,and oil leakage;there was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of main agricultural non-point source pollutants and the water quality evaluation results in Pu River.The reduction of agricultural fertilizer application and livestock and poultry manure in Pu River had a positive impact on the water quality evaluation results.However,urban sewage was still the main source of pollution contribution to the Yixun River,Wulie River,Liu River and Pu River.In recent years,the water quality of the main tributaries of Chengde has improved,but the problem of water pollution still exists,and the tributaries have different pollution status under the influence of geographical conditions and land use.Therefore,it is necessary to actively promote the special management of each tributary,build urban underground municipal pipeline system,reform modern sewage treatment technology plant,and strengthen the supervision and management of industrial enterprises.It is suggested to conduct intensive farming,scientific restrictions on the proportion of agricultural fertilizer and standardizing the mode of livestock and poultry breeding to promote the historical process of socialist modernization and ecological civilization construction in Chengde area.