2017—2021年汉中市麻疹风疹疑似病例检测结果分析

Analysis on the detection results of suspected cases of measles and rubella in Hanzhong City from 2017 to 2021

目的 分析2017—2021年汉中市麻疹风疹疑似病例检测结果,为今后更有效开展麻疹风疹防控提供科学依据。方法 2017—2021年采集汉中市麻疹风疹疑似病例标本(血清和咽拭子),用ELISA法对疑似病例血清标本进行IgM抗体检测,用实时荧光定量PCR法对疑似病例咽拭子标本进行核酸检测,通过SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学分析,以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果 汉中市2017—2021共报告麻疹风疹疑似病例318例,确诊麻疹阳性69例,麻疹阳性率为21.70%(69/318);确诊风疹阳性68例,风疹阳性率为21.38%(68/318)。麻疹和风疹阳性病例均主要集中在每年的3至6月。麻疹阳性病例主要集中在汉台区、城固县和南郑区;风疹阳性病例主要集中在汉台区、南郑区、洋县和宁强县。结论 2017—2021年汉中市麻疹和风疹疫情总体呈平稳下降趋势,但监测工作仍需不断加强,严防个别年份疫情反弹。

Objective To analyze the detection results of suspected cases of measles and rubella in Hanzhong City from 2017 to 2021,and to provide scientific basis for more effective prevention and control of measles and rubella in the future.Methods Samples(serum and throat swabs)of suspected cases of measles and rubella were collected in Hanzhong City from 2017 to 2021.Serum samples of suspected cases were detected for IgM antibody by ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay),and throat swab samples were detected for nucleic acid by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(polymerase chain reaction).SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis,and P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results A total of 318 suspected cases of measles and rubella were reported in Hanzhong City from 2017 to 2021,among which,69 cases were confirmed to be positive for measles,with a positive rate of 21.70%(69/318),and 68 cases were confirmed to be positive for rubella,with a positive rate of 21.38%(68/318).The positive cases of measles and rubella were mainly concentrated in March to June each year.The measles positive cases were mainly concentrated in Hantai District,Chenggu County and Nanzheng District,while the rubella positive cases were mainly concentrated in Hantai District,Nanzheng District,Yang County and Ningqiang County.Conclusions The measles and rubella epidemic situation in Hanzhong City from 2017 to 2021 showed a steady downward trend in general,but the monitoring work still needs to be strengthened to prevent the rebound of the epidemic situation in individual years.