人工智能的刑法立法:场域与演绎

Criminal Law Legislation on Artificial Intelligence:Scope and Deduction

人工智能技术及其应用的迅猛扩展,已经开始将当代刑法规范供给危机推向前端,主要表现为立法原意的缺失、扩张解释的瓶颈、网络犯罪的嵌接、专属立法的空白等,并引发拖困司法的效能、加剧立法的分裂、迟滞理论的进化等负作用。人工智能立法势不可当,在功利主义的导引下,刑法面向人工智能的前瞻立法可以发挥积极规制作用。应坚持科学立法,重视立法技术与规范表述的充分达致。应围绕基本范畴统筹立法,优先解决智能犯罪现象的规范界定,着重解决智能主体的刑法地位、智能犯罪的罪名体系表述、刑事责任的实现难题、刑事制裁范畴的调适等。人工智能刑法立法应以适时创新为基本遵循,以智能主体地位的立法确认为首要任务,策动犯罪构成体系及其要素的同步立法调适,有效统筹消解智能时代法定犯罪罪名体系、刑事制裁体系的创制等疑难问题。

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence technology and its application has brought the crisis of criminal norms deficiency in the limelight,which is mainly manifested in the lack of legislative intent,the bottleneck of extensive interpretation,the reference to cybercrime,and the gap of exclusive legislation.It has also caused the negative effects of impediment of jus-tice,division of legislation,and delay of theoretical evolution.Therefore,it is inevitable to legis-late on AI.Guided by the principle of utilitarianism,the future-oriented criminal legislation on AI could play a positive regulatory role.We should take a scientific approach to AI legislation to pay attention to the legislative techniques and the normative discourse.We should center the basic concepts to coordinate legislation,solve the normative definition of intelligent crimes first,focus on such issues as the position of intelligent subjects in criminal law,the formulation of the system of intelligent crimes,the problem of assuming criminal responsibility,and adjustment of the scope of criminal sanction.The criminal legislation on AI should follow the guideline of timely innova-tion,take the status confirmation of intelligent subjects as top task,formulate the criminal consti-tution and its elements,and address the problem of creating the statutory crimes system and the criminal sanction system in the AI era.