脊柱侧凸常用步态特征评估参数应用及研究进展

Application and research progress of gait characteristics of scoliosis of evaluation parameters

脊柱侧凸是一种脊柱的三维畸形,其导致一系列健康问题,如疼痛、姿势异常、步行模式异常等。步态评估有助于评估脊柱畸形改变对患者生活质量和日常活动能力障碍。三维步态分析系统包含时空参数、运动学和动力学评估方法,为脊柱侧凸患者提供客观的、量化的步态分析方法。其中,表面肌电和能量监测反映脊柱侧凸患者与健康人相比步行时肌肉生理学和能量变化。本综述对脊柱侧凸的三维步态分析、表面肌电和能量监测的研究进行总结,以全面客观的反映脊柱侧凸患者步行的生物力学改变。

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine that causes a range of health problems such as pain,abnormal posture,abnormal walking patterns,etc.Gait assessment is useful in assessing the impact of spinal deformity changes on the patient's quality of life and impaired ability to perform daily activities.The 3D gait analysis system includes spatiotemporal parameters,kinematics and kinetic evaluation methods,providing an objective and quantitative gait analysis method for scoliosis patients.Among them,surface EMG and energy monitoring reflect changes in muscle physiology and energy when walking in scoliosis patients compared to healthy people.This review summarized studies of three-dimensional gait analysis,surface electromyography and energy monitoring of scoliosis to comprehensively and objectively reflect the biomechanical changes of walking in scoliosis patients.Walking biomechanical changes in scoliosis patients are manifested by decreased pelvic and hip range of motion,increased energy consumption,increased asymmetry of ground reaction forces,and increased duration of lumbar and pelvic muscle activation.