经典名方中乌药的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research on Linderae Radix in Famous Classical Formulas

通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书等文献,结合现代相关研究资料,笔者对乌药的名称、基原、拉丁学名、入药部位、道地产区、采收加工及炮制的历史沿革进行了系统的梳理与考证,为含该药材的经典名方的开发提供依据。乌药以“旁其”之名首载于唐代《本草拾遗》,自五代《日华子本草》以来,历代本草均以乌药为其正名;历代所用乌药的主流来源为2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)收载的樟科植物乌药Lindera aggregata的干燥块根;历代本草记载乌药的产地主要有广东、广西、湖南、浙江、安徽等,自宋代起以浙江天台所产者为佳,现代仍以浙江天台为道地产区;古代采收时间多为八月采根,而现代乌药多于冬春二季采挖或全年采收,采后直接干燥,或者在产地趁鲜切薄片干燥;乌药古代炮制有去皮心、酒炙、醋炙等方法,现代多以生品入药。建议经典名方开发中涉及乌药时,采用2020年版《中国药典》在产地趁鲜切片、干燥的加工方法。

By reviewing the ancient and modern literature,the name,origin,medicinal parts and other aspects of Linderae Radix in famous classical formulas were systematically sorted out,so as to provide a basis for development of famous classical formulas containing this herb.Linderae Radix was first recorded in Bencao Shiyi in the Tang dynasty under name of Pangqi,and since Rihuazi Bencao of the Five dynasties,all generations of materia medica have used Wuyao as its proper name of the herb.The mainstream source of Linderae Radix used in the past dynasties is dried tuberous roots of Lindera aggregata contained in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The origins of Linderae Radix recorded in the past dynasties are mainly Guangdong,Guangxi,Hunan,Zhejiang,Anhui and others,since the Song dynasty,Tiantai county in Zhejiang province has been regarded as the authentic producing place,in modern times,it is still the authentic place of origin.At harvesting,in ancient times,the harvesting time of the roots was mostly in August,while in modern times,Linderae Radix is mostly harvested in winter and spring or throughout the year,and is dried directly after harvesting or cut thin slices and dried in the place of production.At processing,Linderae Radix was processed by removing the peel and heart,wine roasting,vinegar roasting and other methods in ancient times,and in modern times,it is mostly used in raw form as medicine.In conclusion,it is suggested that the processing method of fresh slicing and drying in the place of origin in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia should be adopted if Linderae Radix is involved in the development of famous classical formulas.