中更新世晚期至晚更新世早中期印度与西南地区旧石器文化比较研究

Comparative Study on Paleolithic Culture Between India and Southwest China from Late of Middle Pleistocene to Early&Middle Period of Late Pleistocene

现代人迁徙扩散的“南方路线”是近年来旧石器考古与古人类研究的热点问题之一,印度和我国西南地区中更新世晚期至晚更新世早中期的材料是其中的焦点。本文梳理比较了两个地区距今30万—3万年来几处关键遗址的材料,认为该区域旧石器中期文化的主体是一种以剥坯概念为主的石片石器工业,其中既有小型两面器等由本地更早阶段石器组合中发展而来的因素,也有修柄尖状器等与非洲旧石器时代中期文化相似的因素,还包括了剥片程序较为复杂的石核、修理策略稳定成熟的陡刃刮削器等体现旧石器时代中期技术发展的因素,并出现了多样性石器原料开发、狩猎超大型动物、适应高海拔环境等多样的行为特征。印度与我国西南地区这一时期的旧石器文化整体上呈现出多元、交融的面貌,可能与亚欧大陆南部复杂的资源环境与人群历史有关。

The“South Route”of modern human dispersal has been a key hotspot in recent Paleolithic studies,and Middle Paleolithic cultures in India and Southwest China are in the center of debates.By comparing typical sites in these two areas dating to 300-30ka,this article suggests the major assemblage is characterized with flake tool industry,while other features were also discovered,such as small bifaces derived from previously prevailed Late Acheulean tradition,tanged points that were similar to African Middle Stone Age,as well as cores with more complicated flaking procedure and delicately retouched scrapers reflecting the improvement in technology.Diverse behaviors were also discovered,including exploitation of various lithic raw materials,hunting of megafauna and adaption to higher altitudes.Such variability and complexity are possibly the result of diversified regional environment and population history.