我国站城融合分类及主要框架构成研究

Research on Classification and Main Frame Composition of Chinese Station-City Integration

截至2022年年底,我国已建成铁路客站1841座,客站及站区已成为城市重要的功能节点,站城融合成为发展趋势。当前,一些地方将站城融合与综合开发、TOD模式等相混淆,导致站城融合策略雷同、逢站必谈开发、高铁空城等现象,其主要原因是对站城融合缺少分类研究,以及不同分类下的主要框架构成研究。鉴于站城融合的核心服务对象是旅客,外在表现是站城关系,通过分析旅客的出行需求、借鉴国外站城关系发展历程,建议我国站城融合可分为“站强城弱”(更强调对外运输和集散交通)、“站城并重”(对外运输与城市功能并重)、“站弱城强”(更强调城市功能)三种类型。建议站城融合的主要框架构成应立足我国国情,具备较强的可操作性和针对性,并从国家政策文件、路地双方协同合作要求以及旅客的内在要求等三个维度,通过多维分析法遴选出不同站城融合类型下的主要框架构成。“站强城弱”类型的主要框架构成包括铁路运输、衔接交通、站内服务和流程机制等,“站城并重”类型的主要框架构成包括铁路运输、衔接交通、综合开发和流程机制等,“站弱城强”类型的主要框架构成更侧重衔接交通、综合开发和流程机制。

By the end of 2022,China had built 1841 railway passenger stations,stations and surrounding areas had become critical functional node of city,and station-city integration an important tendency.At present,in some places station-city integration is confused with comprehensive development and TOD mode,resulting in the same station-city integration strategies,development being talked about by every station,and very few passengers taking high-speed railway.The main reason is the lack of the research on classification of station-city integration,as well as on main frame composition of different types.In view of the fact that the core service object of the station-city integration is passengers and the external manifestation is the relationship between station and city,it is suggested that station-city integration in our country can be divided into three types:“strong-station and weak-city”(emphasizing more on external transportation and collect and distribution traffic),“equal emphasis on station and city”(emphasizing both external transportation and urban function)and“weak-station and strong-city”(emphasizing more on urban function)by analyzing the travel demand of passengers and learning from the development course of the relationship between station and city in foreign countries.It is suggested that the main frame composition of station-city integration should be based on national conditions and have strong pertinence and operability.The main framework of different types of station-city integration should be selected through multi-dimensional analysis from three dimensions:national policy documents,the requirements of cooperation between local railway administration and government,and the internal demand of passengers.The main frame composition of“strong-station and weak-city”type includes railway transportation,connecting traffic,intra-station service and process mechanism,etc.The main frame composition of“equal emphasis on station and city”type includes railway transportation,connecting traffic,comprehensive development and process mechanism,etc.,while the main frame composition of the“weak-station and strong-city”type focuses more on connecting traffic,comprehensive development and process mechanism.