不同肥水供给模式对高蛋白大豆干物质累积、氮素代谢、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer Water Supply Patterns on Involvement of High-protein Soybean Dry Matter,Nitrogen Metabolism,Yield and Quality

为探索高蛋白大豆高产优质生产适宜肥水协同供给模式,以高蛋白驻豆19为试验材料,采用不同施氮量与灌水量进行田间裂区试验,设置3个施氮量水平,N0(不施氮肥)、N1(60 kg·hm^(-2))、N2(120 kg·hm^(-2));3个灌水水平,W0(不灌水,自然降雨)、W1灌水量(1500 m3·hm^(-2))、W2灌水量(3000 m3·hm^(-2)),研究了高蛋白大豆干物质和氮素累积与分配、氮素利用及品质对肥水协同供给的响应。结果表明:同一灌水量条件下,干物质积累分配量呈现豆荚>茎>叶,2020年豆荚分配占比53.65%~69.00%,2021年豆荚分配占比36.25%~52.15%;同一施氮条件下,随着灌水量的增加,鼓粒期干物质累积量呈逐渐升高趋势,在施氮N1条件下,灌水量为W2时,干物质累积量较自然降水W0、灌水量处理W1分别提高了56.55%和11.67%;不同灌水量条件下,提高施氮量反而降低了氮素吸收效率、氮素利用效率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力,不同施氮量条件下,随灌水量的增加,氮素吸收效率、氮素利用效率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力多呈增加趋势;同一灌水条件下,蛋白质含量不施氮最低,脂肪含量在施氮120 kg·hm^(-2)最低,不同灌水处理中W2N1产量最高达2319.86 kg·hm^(-2),显著高于其他两个灌水处理产量,处理间差异达显著水平。本研究为大豆高效节水节肥生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。

To explore the appropriate fertilizer and water synergistic supply mode for high-protein soybean with high yield and quality,the field split-zone experiment was conducted in different N application and irrigation amount using high-protein Zhudou 19 as the experimental material.In the experiment,three N application levels,namely NO(no N fertilizer,O),N1(N,60 kg·ha^(-1)),and N2(N,120 kg·ha^(-1)),and three irrigation levels,namely W0(no irrigation,natural rainfall),W1(1500 m ha-),and W2(3000 m^(2)-ha^(-1)),were used to investigate the response of dry matter,nitrogen accumulation and distribution,nitrogen utilization and quality to fertilizer and water synergistic supply in high-protein soybean.The results showed that under the same irrigation conditions,the dry matter accumulation distribution showed the trend of pods>stems>leaves,the proportion of pods received dry matter in 2020 and 2021 were 53.65%-69.00%and 36.25%-52.15%,respectively.Under the same N fertilizer conditions,the dry matter accumulation at the bulge stage showed the gradual increase with increasing irrigation water.Under the N1 fertilizer and W2 irrigation condition,the dry matter accumulation was 56.55%and 11.67%higher than those in natural rainfall and W1 conditions,respectively.In different irrigation conditions,the increase of nitrogen application reduced the nitrogen uptake efficiency,nitrogen utilization efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity.In different nitrogen fertilizer conditions,the nitrogen uptake efficiency,nitrogen utilization efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity tended to increase with the increase of irrigation water.In the same irrigation conditions,protein content was the lowest without N fertilizer application,and fat content was the lowest in N fertilizer application set at 120 kg·ha^(-').In different irrigation conditions,the highest yield was 2319.86 kg ha^(-')in W2N1 treatment and significantly higher than the yield of other two irrigation treatments.This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for efficient water-saving and fertilizer saving production of soybeans.