植物响应UV-B辐射的表观遗传调控和胁迫记忆研究进展

Research progress on the epigenetic regulation and stress memory of plant to UV-B radiation responses

地表UV-B辐射增强对植物生长发育产生不利影响,植物在抵御UV-B胁迫过程中形成胁迫记忆适应环境。本文综述了植物应对UV-B辐射的防御策略及其胁迫记忆的研究成果。植物通过形态调整、生理变化和损伤修复对UV-B辐射进行响应。但UV-B胁迫在短时间内无法改变植物的DNA碱基序列,表观遗传机制可以通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰调控基因表达,特别是上调了胁迫反应相关基因的表达快速响应UV-B胁迫,并为胁迫记忆提供可能。UV-B引发的胁迫记忆可能受到频率和剂量影响,若形成胁迫记忆,母体携带的记忆信息能通过影响后代表型提高对胁迫环境的适应能力。理解植物对UV-B辐射的响应有助于提高植物抵御UV-B胁迫的能力。此外,对植物进行UV-B辐射逆境锻炼,可以显著增强植株抗逆性。

Plant growth and development are adversely affected when UV-B radiation is enhanced on the surface.When plants resist UV-B stress,they develop stress memories.Research advances have been summarized about defense strategies and stress memories in plants as a result of UV-B radiation.Plant responses to UV-B radiation include morphological adjustment,physiological changes,and damage repair.A short period is not enough for UV-B stress to change a plant's DNA base sequences.Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in controlling gene expression through DNA methylation and histone modification.It has been demonstrated that UV-B stress increases the expression of stress-related genes,thereby providing a potential for the memory of stress.UV-B stress memory may be affected by frequency and radiation flux.Maternal UV-B radiation memory may improve the adaptability to stress environment by influencing the phenotype of offspring.Understanding how plants respond to UV-B radiation is crucial to improving their capacity to withstand UV-B stress.In addition,plants under UV-B radiation stress may become more resilient if they are exercised.