高活性铝基合金粉水反应性能研究

Water reaction characteristics of highly active aluminum-based alloy powder

为提高铝粉与海水反应的效率和速率,通过添加低熔点金属Sn和Bi,采用雾化法制备高活性铝基合金粉(铝镁锡铋AMSB)。利用产氢测试和电化学测试对AMSB合金粉的产氢速率和开路电位进行测试,并对其与水反应机理展开研究。产氢测试结果表明,AMSB合金粉在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中产氢速率可达214.80 mL·min^(-1)·g^(-1),产氢效率达80.45%;电化学实验结果表明,Sn和Bi的加入,降低了AMSB合金粉的开路电位,促使铝粉电极电位负移。采用XRD,XPS和SEM-EDS对AMSB合金粉反应前后的物相组成和微观组织结构进行了表征。低熔点元素Sn和Bi,可以破坏氧化膜致密性,有效提高铝水反应效率,促进铝水反应的进行;且Al,Sn和Bi元素之间形成的原电池效应是AMSB合金粉与水反应性能提高的重要原因。制备的高活性铝基金属粉在高能水反应金属燃料领域具有一定的应用价值。

In order to improve the reaction efficiency and rate of Al powder with seawater,highly active Al base powder(Al-Mg-Sn-Bi alloy powder,AMSB)was prepared by adding low melting metal(Sn and Bi)by atomizing.The hydrogen generation rate and open circuit potential of AMSB alloy powder were measured by hydrogen generation test and electrochemical test,and the hydrolysis mechanism was characterized.The hydrogen generation test results show that the hydrogen generation rate of AMSB alloy powder in 3.5%(mass fraction)NaCl solution can reach 214.80 mL·min^(-1)·g^(-1),and the hydrogen generation efficiency can reach 80.45%.The results of electrochemical experiments show that the addition of Sn and Bi can reduce the open circuit potential of AMSB alloy powder and promote the negative shift of the electrode potential of Al powder.The phase composition and microstructure of AMSB alloy powder before and after the reaction were characterized by XRD,XPS and SEM-EDS.Low melting point elements Sn and Bi can destroy the densification of oxide film,effectively improve the reaction efficiency of Al with water and promote the reaction process of Al and water.Moreover,the galvanic cell effect formed between Al,Sn and Bi elements is an important reason for the improvement of the hydrolysis performance of AMSB alloy powder.Therefore,the highly active Al based powder prepared has a certain application value in the field of high energy water reaction metal fuel.