东北地区关闭搬迁企业遗留地块土壤污染特征

Characterization of soil contaminations in brownfield sites in Northeast China

通过研究东北地区2010~2021年开展调查的483个遗留地块的土壤污染特征,在土壤污染可能性、分布特征、污染类型及污染程度方面,对不同行业企业遗留地块进行分析,进而对东北地区遗留地块土壤污染特征及污染风险与行业类型之间的关系进行探究.结果表明:对同一行业类型污染地块占比、土壤污染物超标总倍数和污染面积等数值进行分析,综合表征各行业遗留地块土壤污染风险水平和等级,发现化学原料及化学品制造业,医药制造业,纺织和化学纤维制造业,石油、煤炭及其他燃料加工业,金属冶炼和压延加工业等5个行业为东北地区土壤污染高风险行业.其中化学原料及化学品制造业复合污染最严重,主要污染物为砷、铅、多环芳烃、氯代烃、石油烃、苯系物;医药制造业、纺织和化学纤维制造业、金属冶炼和压延加工业主要污染物为铅、砷和多环芳烃,主要为无机-有机复合污染;石油、煤炭及其他燃料加工业主要表现为有机污染,主要污染物为多环芳烃、苯系物和石油烃.采矿业,交通运输设备制造业,装卸搬运和仓储业,房地产业,通用设备制造业,农业、渔业及畜牧业等6个行业为土壤污染低风险行业.东北地区污染地块的污染物类型以砷、铅、铬等重金属和多环芳烃、石油烃等有机物为主,主要表现为复合污染.其中,在出现频率上,多环芳烃、砷最高,都在50%以上.研究结果发现遗留地块的土壤污染特征,及相对应的土壤污染风险,与其区域特征、历史行业类型存在着密切关系,对关闭搬迁企业遗留地块的管理,需要结合行业类型的不同,实施区别化监管.

This paper studied the soil pollution characteristics of 483 brownfield sites in Northeast China from 2010 to 2020,analyzed the brownfield sites of enterprises in different industries in terms of soil pollution possibility,distribution characteristics,pollution types and concentrations,and further explored the relationship between the soil pollution characteristics,pollution risks and industry types of brownfield sites in Northeast China.Five industries,including chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing,pharmaceutical manufacturing,textile and chemical fiber manufacturing,metal smelting and rolling processing industry,petroleum,coal and other fuel processing industry,are high-risk industries contributing to soil pollution in Northeast China based on analysis of the proportion of polluted plots of the same industry type,the total multiple of exceeding the standard of soil pollutants and the pollution area.Among these industries,the complex pollution caused by chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing are most serious,where the main pollutants are arsenic,lead,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),chlorinated hydrocarbons,petroleum hydrocarbons and BTEX.In addition,pharmaceutical manufacturing,textile and chemical fiber manufacturing industry,metal melting/pressing industries often lead to the combined inorganic and organic pollutions,where the main contaminants are arsenic,lead and PAHs.On the contrary,petroleum,coal,and other fuel processing industries frequently cause organic pollutant leaching such as BTEX,PAHs and petroleum hydrocarbons.The industries of mining,transportation equipment manufacturing,handling and warehousing,real estate,general equipment manufacturing,agriculture,fisheries and livestock are identified as low contamination risk industrial types.The pollution of brownfield sites in Northeast China are dominated by complex pollution,with the main contaminations of arsenic,lead,chromium,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,and petroleum hydrocarbons.Our research suggest that the soil pollution risk and pollution characteristics of the brownfield sites are closely related to their historical industry types and regional characteristics.