氢气储存技术研究进展

Research progress of hydrogen storage technology

氢能由于清洁、高效等特点,在未来可能成为替代化石燃料的有效能源,其大规模的开发利用将对我国实现“双碳”目标十分有利。而氢气的安全、高效储运将是实现氢能规模化利用的关键技术。针对目前国内主要的几种储氢技术做了分析、讨论,主要包括高压气态、低温液态、有机液体、物理吸附、金属氢化物、配位氢化物等几种储氢技术。金属氢化物储氢技术因氢气纯度、安全系数高等优点,是目前最有前景的储氢技术。重点讨论了金属氢化物充、放氢的原理,以及通过合金化对其储氢机理、热力学性能的影响。通过储氢技术的大力研究和发展,将实现高储氢密度、低成本以及安全高效的大规模储氢,这将对推动我国氢能产业的发展十分重要。

Hydrogen energy,due to its clean and efficient characteristics,may become an effective energy substitute for fossil fuels in the future,and its large-scale development and utilization will be very beneficial to China's realization of the"double carbon"goal.The safe and efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen will be the key technology to realize the large-scale utilization of hydrogen energy.In this paper,several main hydrogen storage technologies in China are analyzed and discussed,including high-pressure gas,low-temperature liquid,organic liquid,physical adsorption,metal hydride,coordination hydride and other hydrogen storage technologies.Metal hydride hydrogen storage technology is the most promising hydrogen storage technology because of its high purity and safety factor.The principle of hydrogen charging and dehydrogenation of metal hydrides,as well as the influence of alloying on hydrogen storage mechanism and thermodynamic properties are discussed.Through the vigorous research and development of hydrogen storage technology,high hydrogen storage density,low cost and safe and efficient large-scale hydrogen storage will be achieved,which will be very important to promote the development of China's hydrogen energy industry.