燕麦+木霉调控黄河三角洲盐渍土主要障碍因子效应研究

Study on the Main Obstacle Factors of Avena and Trichoderma Regulating Saline Soil in the Yellow River Delta

[目的]探寻适应盐渍土的作物和辅助技术。[方法]通过黄绿木霉菌剂处理土壤,早春和秋季2次种植燕麦,观察改良盐渍土效应。[结果]黄河三角洲盐渍土壤环境特性为季节性盐表聚影响作物生长发育,土壤水稳性团聚体少,土壤生物量少、活性低。黄绿木霉处理土壤播种燕麦后,土壤覆盖时间延长,秋末控制了秋季积盐第一高峰,中度盐渍土比相邻大豆收获地降盐77.99%,重度盐渍土比相邻草枯后裸露地降盐87.24%,春末控制了春季积盐第二高峰,中度盐渍土比相邻上茬大豆地降盐76.11%,重度盐渍土比相邻草枯后裸露地降盐85.67%;黄绿木霉菌剂处理重度盐渍土壤,与对照相比,真菌、细菌、固氮菌、放线菌分别提高5.90倍、1.27倍、48.13%、71.12%,黄绿木霉增殖的同时增加土壤微生物数量,利用微生物耐盐及嗜盐特点,创建了无数个低盐微区域,利于燕麦的根系生长发育;增加土壤根系数量和微生物数量,提高土壤有机质,土壤水稳性团聚体提高,中度盐渍土提高50%以上,重度盐渍土提高81.55%;燕麦通过蒸腾作用代替土壤水分蒸发,改变了盐随水来的运移通道和积盐位置,储存燕麦植株的可溶性盐随着茎秆及籽粒收获移出农田高达545.67 kg/hm^(2),降低了土壤含盐量。[结论]利用燕麦+黄绿木霉菌剂技术处理消减盐表聚打破季节性积盐规律,通过地上、地下生物的共同作用,降低土壤盐度,丰富土壤微生物,提高土壤有机质,改善土壤结构,加快了培育土壤的进度。

[Objective]To explore the crops and auxiliary technologies to be suitable for saline alkali land.[Method]After Trichoderma aureoviride preparations was broadcast in this experiment soil,Avena was sown twice in saline soil in early Spring and Autumn.The effect of improving saline soil was observed.[Result]The environmental characteristics of saline soil in the Yellow River Delta were seasonal salt accumulation,which affected crop growth and development.The water stable aggregates was less.There was less soil biomass and low soil activity.Trichoderma inoculum treated soil and Avena were sowed to prolong the soil coverage time and controlled the first peak of salt accumulation in autumn.The salt of moderate saline soil was 77.99% lower than that of adjacent soybean harvest land.The salt of severe saline soil was 87.24% lower than that of adjacent bare ground after grass withered.The second peak of salt accumulation in spring was controlled at the end of spring.The salt of moderate saline soil was 76.11% lower than that of adjacent last soybean land,and the salt of severe saline soil was 85.67% lower than that of adjacent bare ground after grass withered.Compared with the control,fungi,bacteria,azotobacter and actinomycetes increased by 5.90 times,1.27 times,48.13% and 71.12%,respectively.Trichoderma aureoviride increased the number of soil microorganisms while proliferating.Microbial had the ability of salt tolerance and halophilism.These soil microorganisms created a large number of micro low salt areas.This could help Avena roots grow and develop.The experiment soil increased the number of soil roots and microorganisms,improved soil organic matter.The soil water stable aggregates was increased more than 50% in moderately saline soil and 81.55% in severely saline soil.The results in the experiments showed that Avena replaced soil water evaporation through transpiration,to change the transport channel of water and salt,to take the other salt accumulation position.The soluble salt stored in the plants of oat was removed from the saline soil with the harvest of stems and grains,up to 545.67 kg/hm^(2),which reduced the soil salt content.[Conclusion]Avena and Trichoderma as aboveground and underground organisms was used to grow and act together in the coastal saline soil to reduce salt surface aggregation,break the seasonal salt accumulation law,reduce soil salinity,enrich soil microorganisms,improve soil organic matter,and accelerate the progress of soil cultivation.