黄河口大闸蟹不同可食部分营养分析

Nutritional Analysis of Different Edible Parts of Eriocheir sinensis in the Yellow River Estuary

[目的]分析黄河口大闸蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雌雄蟹肌肉、肝胰腺和性腺等不同可食部位的营养成分和品质。[方法]比较雌雄蟹肌肉、肝胰腺和性腺等可食部分的常规营养成分、矿物质、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。[结果]黄河口大闸蟹性腺中蛋白质和肝胰腺中脂肪的含量最高,雌蟹性腺和肝胰腺中蛋白质以及可食部分脂肪含量均高于雄蟹;所测得的7种矿物质元素在雌雄蟹不同可食部分的含量有明显差异,钙、锰含量以雄蟹性腺中最高,镁、磷、锌含量以雌蟹性腺中最高,铁、铜含量以雌蟹肝胰腺中最高;检测出的19种氨基酸中以谷氨酸含量最高,其次是天冬氨酸,可食部分中总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量均以性腺中最高,可食部分中支链氨基酸较高;共检测出30种脂肪酸,包括13种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、7种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和10种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),可食部分中SFA、MUFA、PUFA、∑PUFAn-3、∑PUFAn-6的含量及脂肪酸总量均以肝胰腺中最高,且雌蟹高于雄蟹,可食部分中C22:6n-3(DHA)含量和DHA/EPA值较高,可食部分的脂肪酸致动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)和致血栓指数(TI)较低,均值分别在0.24~0.55和0.03~0.44。[结论]黄河口大闸蟹可食部分营养较为丰富,具有一定的保健作用。

[Objective]To analyze the nutritional components and quality of different edible parts such as muscle,hepatopancreas and gonad of male and female Eriocheir sinensis of Yellow River Estuary.[Method]The study compared the contents of conventional nutritional components,minerals,amino acids and fatty acid of the edible parts of male and female Eriocheir sinensis,such as muscles,hepatopancreas and gonads.[Result]The contents of protein in gonad and fat in hepatopancreas were the highest,the content of protein in the gonads and hepatopancreas and edible fat of female Eriocheir sinensis were higher than that of male Eriocheir sinensis in the Yellow River Estuary.It was deteceted seven mineral elements which were significantly different in edible parts of male and female crabs.The contents of Ca and Mn in male crabs’gonads,the contents of Mg,P and Zn in female crabs’gonads,and the contents of Fe and Cu in hepatopancreas of female crabs were the highest.Among the 19 amino acids detected,the content of glutamic acid was the highest,followed by aspartic acid.The content of total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(EAA),semi-essential amino acids(SEAA),delicious amino acid(DAA)and no-essential amino acids(NEAA)in gonad were the highest,and branched-chain amino acid in the edible part was the highest.It was totally detected 30 fatty acids,including 13 saturated fatty acids(SFA),7 monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)and 10 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA).The contents of SFA,MUFA,PUFA,∑PUFAn-3,∑PUFAn-6 and total fatty acids in the edible part of the crab were the highest in the hepatopancreas,and female crabs were higher than male crabs.The contents of C22:6n-3(DHA)and DHA/EPA in the edible part of the crabs were higher,and the fatty acid arteriosclerosis index(AI)and thrombotic index(TI)of the edible fraction were lower,with the mean values of 0.24-0.55 and 0.03-0.44,respectively.[Conclusion]The edible part of Eriocheir sinensis in the Yellow River Estuary was rich in nutrition and had certain health function.