中国农产品生产效率和经济效益分析

Analysis of Production Efficiency and Economic Efficiency of Agricultural Products in China

选取2011—2020年中国16个农产品的投入和产出指标,运用BCC模型和Malmquist模型对农产品的生产效率和经济效益进行静态和动态分析。Malmquist模型结果表明,中国农产品生产效率主要受技术效率的影响,其中受技术效率影响最大的作物是油菜和棉花。在农产品经济效益方面,BCC模型得出全国非有效性农产品有6种,对非有效性农产品进行投入指标的调整。非有效性农产品在人工成本要加大投入,部分农产品的化肥投入应减少。针对结果提出相应政策,我国应结合农产品自身的耕作特点进行农业技术创新提高技术效率和推广农业科学技术。

This study selects input and output indicators of 16 agricultural products in China from 2011 to 2020 to conduct static and dynamic analysis of production efficiency and economic efficiency of agricultural products using BCC model and Malmquist model.The results of Malmquist model show that the production efficiency of agricultural products in China is mainly influenced by technical efficiency,among which the most affected crops by technical efficiency are oilseed rape and cotton.In terms of economic efficiency of agricultural products,the BCC model yielded six types of non-effective agricultural products China,and the input indexes were adjusted for non-effective agricultural products.Non-effective agricultural products should have more inputs in labor costs and fertilizer inputs should be reduced for some agricultural products.In response to the results,corresponding policies are proposed,and China should combine the farming characteristics of agricultural products themselves to carry out agricultural technology innovation to improve technical efficiency and promote agricultural science and technology.