教学评价的时间正义及其实现

Time Justice of Teaching Evaluation and Its Realization

教学评价以教学目标为依据在一定的社会时空结构中运行,任何教学评价活动都具有时间性。从时间正义角度审视教学评价,能够为反思教学评价改革打开一个新的研究向度,促进教育教学的高质量发展。在教学实践中,教学评价偏离时间正义的表征包括:社会加速逻辑主导教学评价,教学发展的时间需求被挤压,效率成为主导教学评价的主旋律从而引发了无序的教学竞争;数据化评价导致教学过程的趋同化、碎片化与断裂化,漠视对人的情感、态度、价值观的深切关照,本应灵动多彩的教学生活日趋萎缩、机械与干涩;急功近利的教学评价忽视教学过程,扰乱了符合人的成长规律与节奏的教学时间生态,从根本上限制了人的全面自由发展。为实现教学评价的时间正义,教学评价要关照人的自由,使教学生活慢下来,给予学生更多的独立思考、自主学习、合作探究的时空和机会,生成教学智慧;要尊重教学发展的时间权利,运用引导、理解、等待和对话实现多样性的、生成性的和丰富多彩的教学生活;要强化和创新过程性评价,开展学生学习情况全过程纵向评价和德智体美劳各要素横向评价,从而回归教学过程的时间生态。

Teaching evaluation runs in a certain social space-time structure based on teaching objectives,and any teaching evaluation activity has the peculiarity of time.Examining teaching evaluation from the perspective of time justice can open a new research direction for reflecting on the teaching evaluation reform,promoting high-quality development of education and teaching.In teaching practice,the characteristics of teaching evaluation deviating from time justice include:social acceleration logic dominates teaching evaluation,the time demand of teaching development is squeezed,and efficiency becomes the main theme of teaching evaluation,which leads to disordered teaching competition;data evaluation leads to assimilation,fragmentation and disconnection of the teaching process,and ignores the deep care of human emotions,attitudes and values,making the teaching life that should be flexible and colorful gradually dull,mechanical and stiff;the acquisitive evaluation of teaching ignores the teaching process,disrupts the teaching time ecology that conforms to the law and rhythm of human growth,and fundamentally limits the comprehensive and free development of human beings.In order to realize the time justice of teaching evaluation,it should take care of human freedom,slow down teaching life,give students more time,space and opportunities for independent thinking,independent learning and cooperative exploration to generate teaching wisdom;respect the time right of teaching development,and use guidance,understanding,waiting and dialogue to achieve a diversified,generative and colorful teaching life;strengthen and innovate the process evaluation,carry out the vertical evaluation of the whole process of students'learning and the horizontal evaluation of the elements of morality,intelligence,physique,aesthetic and labor to return to the time ecology of the teaching process.