室内外不同臭氧水平对中国城市居民健康的影响

Impact of Different Indoor and Outdoor Ozone Levels on the Health of Urban Residents in China

定量评估降低室内外O_(3)水平带来的健康影响对O_(3)污染治理至关重要.本文基于室内外O_(3)浓度的差异性,使用城市特异性暴露因子和暴露反应模型模拟、预测满足不同室内外空气质量标准带来的健康效益情况.结果表明:(1)2020年我国337个地级及以上城市可归因于O_(3)污染短期暴露和长期暴露的全因早逝人数分别为44400和137237例,相应的经济损失分别为2375×10^(8)、7367×10^(8)元,分别占当年国内生产总值的0.23%和0.73%.(2)O_(3)浓度满足当前的《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T 18883—2022)(160μg/m^(3))和《健康建筑评价标准》(T/ASC 02—2021)(112μg/m^(3)),无法带来健康效益,当城市每日室内O_(3)达标浓度分别为60、40、30、20、10μg/m^(3)时,可避免的全因早逝人数(长期暴露)分别为90、3931、16191、48861、85584例,相应可避免的经济损失分别为7×10^(8)、255×10^(8)、971×10^(8)、2787×10^(8)、4681×10^(8)元.(3)当城市每日室外O_(3)达标浓度分别为160、100、80、70、60μg/m^(3)时,可避免的全因早逝人数(长期暴露)分别为6044、46090、78888、100160、124649例,相应可避免的经济损失分别为355×10^(8)、2548×10^(8)、4298×10^(8)、5420×10^(8)、6700×10^(8)元.研究显示,降低室内O_(3)浓度可有效减少与O_(3)相关的健康影响和经济损失,可率先在山东省、河南省、江苏省、广东省等地区实施更严格的区域O_(3)空气质量标准.

Quantitative evaluation of the health impacts of reducing indoor and outdoor O_(3) levels is crucial for O_(3) pollution control.Based on the differences in indoor and outdoor O_(3) concentrations,this paper used city-specific exposure factors and exposure-response models to simulate and predict the health benefits of meeting different indoor and outdoor air quality standards.The results indicated that:(1)In 2020,the number of all-cause mortalities attributed to short-term and long-term exposure to O_(3) pollution in 337 prefecture-level and above cities in China were 44,400 and 137,237,respectively.The corresponding economic losses were 237.5 billion RMB and 736.7 billion RMB,respectively,accounting for 0.23% and 0.73% of the country′s GDP of that year,respectively.(2)Meeting the current Indoor Air Quality Standard(GB/T 18883-2022)(160μg/m^(3))and Assessment Standard for Healthy Building(T/ASC 02-2021)(112μg/m3)of O_(3) cannot bring health benefits.When the daily indoor O_(3) standard concentration in cities were 60,40,30,20 and 10μg/m^(3),the avoidable allcause mortality losses(long-term exposure)were 90,3,931,16,191,48,861 and 85,584 cases,respectively,and the corresponding avoidable economic losses were 7×10^(8),255×10^(8),971×10^(8),2,787×10^(8),4,681×10^(8) RMB,respectively.(3)When the daily outdoor O_(3) standard concentration in the city were 160,100,80,70 and 60μg/m^(3),the avoidable all-cause mortality losses(long-term exposure)were 6,044,46,090,78,888,100,160,124,649 cases,respectively,and the corresponding avoidable economic losses were 355×10^(8),2,548×10^(8),4,298×10^(8),5,420×10^(8) and 6,700×10^(8) RMB,respectively.The research results show that reducing indoor O_(3) concentration can effectively reduce ozone-related health effects and economic losses.It is recommended that Shandong Province,Henan Province,Jiangsu Province,Guangdong Province and other regions implement stricter regional O_(3) air quality standards as a priority.