采棉机火灾发生机理研究综述

Summarization of Research on Fire Mechanism of Cotton Picker

【目的】为避免采棉机在采摘作业过程中发生棉花燃烧引起的采棉机火灾事故,亟需开发一种应用于采棉机的火灾预警装置,而研制该装置首要解决的问题是明晰采棉机的火灾机理。【方法】课题组阐述了国内外火灾监测研究现状及国内采棉机火灾预警的研究现状,详细分析了采棉机火灾发生的原因,通过研究棉花的燃烧特性、摩擦蓄热特性、冲击摩擦引燃特性、棉花与采棉机采摘部件的摩擦及传热物理特性变化规律,提出研究采棉机火灾机理需从探明棉花受热过程中关键温度节点所释放化学组分及其含量入手,利用热传导模型及基于摩擦碰撞振动系统的动力学模型,进而揭示采棉机棉花在机械摩擦状态下的物理特性及起火机理,完成采摘部件动力学分析及摩擦过程的热能分析等。【结果】采棉机火灾发生机理可为采棉机火灾预警系统中传感器的选取、火灾特征量的分析及火灾预测模型的建立提供理论基础。

[Objective]In order to avoid cotton picker fire accidents caused by cotton burning during the picking operation of cotton picker,it is urgent to develop a fire early warning device for cotton picker,and the primary problem to be solved by developing this device is to clarify the fire mechanism of cotton picker.[Method]The research group described the research status of fire monitoring at home and abroad and the research status of fire early warning of cotton picker at home,analyzed the causes of cotton picker fires in detail,and studied the burning characteristics,friction heat storage characteristics,impact friction ignition characteristics,friction and heat transfer physical characteristics of cotton and cotton picker picking parts.It is proposed that the study of the fire mechanism of cotton picker should start with the detection of the chemical components and their contents released from the key temperature nodes during the heating process of cotton,and then use the heat conduction model and the dynamic model based on the friction collision vibration system to reveal the physical characteristics and fire mechanism of cotton picker cotton under the mechanical friction state,and complete the dynamic analysis of the picking parts and the thermal energy analysis of the friction process.[Result]The mechanism of cotton picker fire can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of sensors,the analysis of fire characteristics and the establishment of fire prediction model in the cotton picker fire early warning system.