我国航空器噪声污染防治管理优化研究

Study on Optimization of Aviation Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Management in China

2022年和2023年,随着《中华人民共和国噪声污染防治法》(以下简称《噪声法》)和《“十四五”噪声污染防治行动计划》(以下简称“声十条”)的相继发布,我国的噪声管理水平将走上一个新的台阶。机场行业一直以来都存在着噪声污染影响突出且较难治理的问题,两部法律法规的实施是机场行业优化航空器噪声污染管理的良好契机。文章结合《噪声法》和“声十条”的最新管理要求,总结了我国目前机场航空器噪声污染防治实践中存在的防治主体不清晰、航空器噪声相关立法和制度缺失、噪声标准年代久远等问题,并充分对接国内外先进管理经验,从立法、收费管理制度、工程治理标准、环评和环保验收、机场布局规划以及航空公司主动减噪等方面提出了优化机场航空器噪声管理的具体建议,旨在推动系统性地解决机场航空器噪声问题。

In 2022 and 2023,with the successive release of the"Law of the People′s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution"(Noise Law)and the"14th Five-Year Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution"(Ten Sound Regulations),China′s level of noise management will enter a new stage.The aviation industry has long faced challenges in dealing with prominent and difficult-to-control noise pollution issues.The implementation of these two laws and regulations provides a good opportunity for the aviation industry to optimize the management of aircraft noise pollution.This article combines the latest management requirements of the"Noise Law"and the"Ten Sound Regulations"to summarize the issues in the current practices of preventing and controlling aircraft noise pollution at airports in China.These issues include unclear responsibility of the main entities involved,lack of legislation and systems related to aircraft noise,outdated noise standards,among others.The article draws on advanced management experiences from both domestic and international sources and provides specific suggestions for optimizing the management of aircraft noise at airports.These suggestions encompass legislation,fee management systems,noise control standards,environmental impact assessments,airport layout planning,and proactive noise reduction measures by airlines.The aim is to systematically address the issue of aircraft noise at airports.