郑州市近60年暴雨气候特征精细化分析

Fine Analysis of Climatic Characteristics of Rainstorm in Zhengzhou in Recent 60 Years

选取郑州国家气象站1961—2021年的常规地面观测资料,气温、降水量、暴雨和大暴雨日数等气象要素,进行分析研究,结果表明郑州近60年:(1)气温明显升高,增温趋势显著。通过了显著性检验和M-K检验。(2)降水量呈波动变化特征,有显著的线性增加趋势。降水量的分布具有不均匀性和季节性的特点,2021年7月暴雨降水量突破历史极值,改变了近60 a降水量的变化趋势。20世纪90年代的降水量最少,21世纪20年代降水量最多。降水量年代际变化比较大。7-9月降水量占全年的56.8%。(3)暴雨日数共计97 d,年暴雨日数在0~4 d之间,平均单次暴雨降水量为66.2 mm。暴雨通常出现在4-11月间,暴雨日数和平均降水量最多的是8月份,占暴雨日数的29.9%;6-9月份暴雨占81.4%。70年代平均暴雨降水量最多为72.5 mm。出现暴雨日数最多的是20世纪末90年代,出现19 d。出现时间最短的暴雨是2010s的5-9月份。暴雨单次降水量月平均值差别不大。(4)大暴雨共计15次,平均每年0.2d,通常在0~2 d之间,降水量在102.0~552.5 mm,平均每次雨量为158.7 mm。大暴雨通常出现在7-9月,其中,7月大暴雨占73.3%,8月大暴雨占27.3%。

The conventional ground observation data of Zhengzhou National Meteorological Station from 1961 to 2021,as well as meteorological elements such as temperature,precipitation,rainstorm and heavy rainstorm days,are selected for analysis and research.The results show that in recent 60 years,Zhengzhou has:(1)The temperature has significantly increased,with a significant warming trend.Passed the significance test and M-K test.(2)The precipitation shows a fluctuating trend with a significant linear increase.The distribution of precipitation is uneven and seasonal.The rainstorm precipitation in July 2021 broke through the historical extreme value,changing the trend of precipitation in the past 60 years.The precipitation was the lowest in the 1990s and the highest in the 2020s.The interdecadal variation of precipitation is relatively large.The precipitation from July to September accounts for 56.8%of the entire year.(3)The number of rainstorm days is 97 d in total,and the number of annual rainstorm days is 0~4 d,and the average precipitation of a single rainstorm is 66.2 mm.Rainstorm usually occurs from April to November,and rainstorm days and average precipitation are the largest in August,accounting for 29.9%of rainstorm days;The rainstorm from June to September accounted for 81.4%.The average rainstorm precipitation in the 1970s was 72.5 mm at most.The largest number of rainstorm days occurred in the late 1990s,with 19 days.The shortest rainstorm occurred from May to September in 2010s.The monthly average value of rainstorm single precipitation has little difference.(4)There are 15 heavy rainstorm in total,with an average annual rainfall of 0.2 d,usually between 0~2 d.The precipitation is 102.0~552.5 mm,and the average rainfall per time is 158.7mm.Heavy rainstorm usually occurs in July and September,of which,the heavy rainstorm in July accounts for 73.3%,and the heavy rainstorm in August accounts for 27.3%.