硅基负极材料研究进展和挑战

Research progress and challenges on silicon-based anode

硅作为一种具有资源丰富、环保、低成本、高容量和低工作电位等优点的材料,被认为是实现高能量密度锂离子电池最有前途的负极材料之一。然而,硅负极的普及应用受到了电导率差、体积变化大和固液电解质界面不稳定等问题的限制。本综述介绍了硅负极材料纳米结构设计、新型多功能粘结剂设计、电化学预锂化和电解液添加剂等策略,指出了从缓解硅负极循环期间的机械应力和应变、增强粘接剂粘附强度和离子导电性、促进含LiF的固体电解质界面膜(SEI)形成和稳定等多维度协同改善的研究方向,以满足硅基负极材料在高能量密度锂离子电池的应用中对高库伦效率、高面容量、低成本和长循环寿命的要求。

Silicon-based anodes,with their abundant resources,environmental friendliness,low cost,high capacity,and low operating potential,are considered as one of the most promising anode materials for achieving high energy density lithium-ion batteries.However,the widespread application of silicon anodes has been limited by problems such as poor conductivity,large volume changes,and unstable solid-electrolyte interface.This paper presents strategies such as the design of nanostructured silicon anode materials,novel multifunctional binder design,electrochemical pre-lithiation,and electrolyte additive incorporation.It highlights the research directions for multidimensional synergistic improvements,including mitigating mechanical stress and strain during silicon anode cycling,enhancing binder adhesion strength and ion conductivity,facilitating the formation and stability of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)films containing LiF.These advancements aim to meet the requirements of high Coulombic efficiency,high areal capacity,low cost,and long cycle life for silicon-based anode materials in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.