有色金属矿山尾矿资源化利用研究进展

Research progress on resource utilization of non-ferrous metal mine tailings

在有色金属开采利用过程中产生了大量尾矿,尾矿堆存不仅造成了有价资源浪费,还存在安全隐患和环境污染。有色金属尾矿具有成分复杂、共伴生金属多、资源利用率低的特点。绝大多数尾矿中含有硫化矿物及重金属离子,对人类健康和生态环境造成严重威胁。详述了有色金属尾矿的综合利用途径,主要包括尾矿再选回收、充填矿山采空区、生产建筑材料、用作土壤改良剂和微量元素肥料、复垦植被和处理废水。讨论了各综合利用途径的优势和局限性,总结了目前比较有效的利用途径,进一步阐述了有色金属尾矿在废水处理领域中的利用情况,可为有色金属尾矿的综合利用提供参考。

In the process of nonferrous metal mining and utilization large amounts of tailings are produced.Its storage not only caused a waste of valuable resources,but also exist safety risks and environmental contaminations.Non-ferrous metal tailings are characterized by complex composition,many co-associated metals and low resource utilization.Most of the tailings contain sulfide minerals and heavy metal ions,which pose a serious threat to human health and the ecological environment.In this paper,the comprehensive utilization pathways of non-ferrous metal tailings were discussed in detail,mainly including secondary recycling of tailings,filling of mine void areas,producing construction materials,using as soil conditioners and trace element fertilizers,reclaiming vegetation and treating wastewater.The advantages and limitations of each comprehensive utilization pathway were discussed,and the current more effective utilization pathways were summarized.The utilization of nonferrous metal mine tailings in the field of wastewater treatment was further discussed,which may provide a guideline for the comprehensive utilization of nonferrous metal mine tailings.