2020-2021年洛阳市食源性疾病病例监测分析

Analysis on Surveillance of Foodborne Disease Cases in Luoyang from 2020 to 2021

目的分析2020—2021年洛阳市食源性疾病病例的流行病学特征,为食源性疾病的预防控制提供科学依据。方法从食源性疾病监测报告系统收集2020—2021年洛阳市医疗机构报告的食源性疾病监测病例信息,对37182例食源性疾病病例的基本信息及部分病例病原学检测结果进行分析。结果2020—2021年洛阳市共报告食源性疾病37182例,男女比0.84∶1,年龄主要集中在25~34岁,职业以农民居多,占43.69%。发病时间以6—9月为主,病例临床症状以消化系统疾病为主。可疑暴露食物以粮食类及其制品、水果及其制品和肉及肉制品为主,可疑暴露食品加工及包装方式以家庭自制为主。就餐模式以1~2人就餐为主,就餐地点主要集中在家庭。2020年散装(包括简易包装)食品、粮食类及其制品的阳性占比较高,而家庭自制食品、在家庭就餐的阳性占比低于2021年。采集标本558例,检出阳性87例,阳性率为15.59%,其中沙门菌检出最多,为75例,阳性率为13.44%,占86.21%。其中住院患者、第二三季度、家庭就餐、家庭自制食品以及3~4人就餐的沙门菌检出率较高。2020年与2021年洛阳市食源性疾病病例的可疑暴露食品分布和沙门菌检出率存在差异,相比之下2021年食源性疾病患者更倾向于在家庭就餐,沙门菌在多人同时就餐时检出率更高。结论洛阳市食源性疾病多发于夏秋季节,致病因素以沙门菌污染为主。应加强食源性疾病监测分析,积极开展健康教育,促进健康生活方式,预防食源性疾病的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease cases in Luoyang from 2020 to 2021,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases.Methods The information on foodborne disease surveillance cases reported by medical institutions in Luoyang from 2020 to 2021 were collected from the foodborne disease surveillance and reporting system,the basic information on 37182 cases of foodborne diseases and the pathogenic test results of some cases were analyzed.Results From 2020 to 2021,a total of 37182 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Luoyang.The ratio of male to female was 0.84∶1.Most of patients were aged from 25 to 34 years old,and the peasant was major type of occupation,accounting for 43.69%.The cases mainly occurred from June to September,and the clinical symptoms of the cases were mainly digestive system diseases.The suspected exposed foods mainly include grains and their products,fruits and their products,and meat and meat products.The processing and packaging methods of the suspected foods was mainly home-made.The dining mode was mainly for 1-2 people,with dining locations mainly concentrated in households.In 2020,the positive rates for bulk(including simple packaging)food,grains and their products were relatively high,while the positive rates for home made food and dining at home were lower than in 2021.A total of 558 specimens were collected,and 87 were positive,with a positive rate of 15.59%.Among them,Salmonella was the most detected in 75 cases,with a positive rate of 13.44%,accounting for 86.21%.Among them,the detection rate of Salmonella was higher among hospitalized patients,the second and third quarters,home dining,home made food,and 3-4 people dining.There were differences in the distribution of suspected food exposure and the detection rate of Salmonella in foodborne disease cases in Luoyang from 2020 and 2021.Compared to 2021,foodborne disease patients were more inclined to eat at home,and the detection rate of Salmonella was higher when multiple people eat at the same time.Conclusion Foodborne diseases in Luoyang often occur in the summer and autumn seasons,and the main pathogenic factors are Salmonella contamination.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and analysis of foodborne diseases,actively carry out health education,promote healthy lifestyles,and prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases.