全生命周期视阈下公共数据伦理准则框架研究

A Framework of Ethics Guidelines on Public Data from a Whole Life Cycle Perspective

[目的/意义]公共数据作为国家基础战略资源,在完善社会治理、提高政府服务水平等方面的作用举足轻重,其伦理准则框架构建有助于公共数据参与者规范自己的行为,避免发生隐私泄露、数据过度收集和数字鸿沟等公共数据伦理问题。[方法/过程]本文结合以往研究和现有公共数据政策,全面总结公共数据的内涵、特征,在此基础上结合典型数据生命周期模型构建公共数据全生命周期的循环层次模型。[结果/结论]在探索了公共数据发展应遵循的伦理准则的前提下,最终以公共数据全生命周期模型的六大阶段和17个子阶段作为一、二级指标构建公共数据伦理框架,为规约公共数据伦理问题提供参考和契机,激发公共数据要素价值,助力推进公共管理和服务数字化进程,建立良好公共服务秩序。

[Purpose/Significance]As a basic national strategic resource,public data plays an important role in promoting high-quality economic development,enhancing social governance,and improving government service levels.The construction of an ethics framework helps participants in public data circulation such as public data producers,managers,users,and supervisors to establish an awareness of data security and ethics and regulate their behavior before public data circulation,avoiding public data ethics issues such as privacy breaches,excessive data collection,data abuse,and digital gap.[Method/Process]Based on previous studies and existing public data policies,this study summarizes the definition of public data according to legal logic and the principle of maximization and describes the differences between public data and government data in terms of data subject,data openness,and data profitability as its characteristics.Then,combined with the typical data life cycle model,the cyclic hierarchy model of the public data life cycle was constructed.In addition,by comparing the principles of public data ethics and the principles of digital technology ethics,the focus of the principles of public data ethics was analyzed,and the principles of public data ethics were summarized from the perspectives of respect,security,and equality.Finally,taking the principles of public data ethics as the criterion and the six general stages and 17 sub-stages of the public data lifecycle model as the first and second-level indicators,the ethical risks of public data at each stage were analyzed.By referring to the research at all stages of the public data lifecycle,academic achievements of domestic and international data ethics principles,provincial public data regulations,and ethical rules were listed for participants to manage their behaviors given these risks at each stage and to build a framework of public data ethics.[Results/Conclusions]This framework helps public data participants to regulate their actions,and implement prior ethical responsibilities to anticipate,avoid,and mitigate public data ethical risks before they occur throughout the life cycle.The shortcoming of this framework is that its applicability and practicability need to be tested,which is also the direction of our next research work,so as to make the framework more accurate and practical and put it into use.Additionally,it can provide references and opportunities for scholars involved in public management and services on public data ethics to stimulate the value of public data elements,promote the digitization process of public management and services,and help achieve social equity,solve disputes,and gain sustainable development.