植物天然免疫分子机理研究进展

Research Progress on Molecular Mechanism of Plant Immune System

自然环境中存在着多种损害植物生长和繁殖的病原微生物。植物与病原体协同进化过程中,逐渐形成了一系列复杂高效的保护机制来抵御病原物的侵染,称为植物天然免疫系统。目前已知的植物天然免疫途径有两个层次,第一个层次是植物模式分子识别受体(PRRs)识别病原模式分子(PAMPs),触发病原模式分子诱导的早期免疫应答反应(PTI)。第二个层次是病原菌产生效应因子抑制基础免疫响应PTI,而植物产生与之特异性识别的抗性蛋白(R蛋白)识别效应因子,并通过效应因子诱导型免疫反应(ETI)来重建植物的抗性。本文综述了近年来植物天然免疫系统的研究进展,并对目前植物抗病性相关分子机理研究和抗性育种急需解决的问题和挑战进行探讨和展望。

Many plant-associated microbes are pathogens that impair plant growth and reproduction.plants have evolved a series of complicated defense mechanism against pathogens during their long term process of co-evolution,named plant immune system.Plants respond to infection using a two-branched innate immune system,The firs branch is based on sensitive perception of pathogen-or microbe-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)through pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)at the plant's cell surface,which induce early responses in plant resistance to pathogen attacks(PTI).with pathogens produce effectors to inhibit PTI,plants can perceive such effectors through additional receptors(R protein),to mount a second branch of defense called effect triggered immunity(ETI).