供需双侧调控下水稻灌区水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调评价与优化研究

Study on coupled collaborative evaluation and optimization for water-energy-food system of rice irrigation area based on bilateral regulation with supply and demand

对于水资源主要消耗用户和粮食重要生产基地的大型灌区,进行供需双侧调控是缓解灌区水资源供需矛盾、提高区域高质量可持续发展的重要途径之一。为了揭示灌区水-能源-粮食复杂的协调关系,针对性地开展系统优化调控。首先基于系统评价理论构建大型灌区水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调度评价模型,再基于灌区水资源系统模拟模型,以灌区水-能源-粮食耦合协调度最大为目标,以灌区主要作物水稻种植比例、水库分级分期旱限水位、水稻需水关键期限制供水比例作为优化调控变量,结合加速遗传算法,开展基于水资源供需双侧优化调控的灌区水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调评价与优化调控研究。杭埠河灌区应用结果显示:优化调控确定的灌区水稻种植比例、水库分级分期旱限水位、水稻需水关键期限供比例,相较于灌区运行现状能提高水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调水平,双季稻种植面积一定程度恢复使粮食产量明显提高,优化的水库旱限水位及水稻需水关键期水库限供比例,可在提升灌区干旱年份水资源利用效率的同时,较好地降低粮食作物因旱减产损失。可见,开展灌区供需双侧优化调控能显著提高灌区水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调性和适配性,可为提高水资源利用效率、布局主要粮食作物生产以及落实灌区水利高质量发展实施途径提供参考。

As a large-scale irrigation area with the main consumption of water resources and the important production base of grain,bilateral regulation of supply and demand is an important way to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in irrigation areas and improve regional sustainable high-quality development.In order to reveal the complex synergistic relationship of water-energy-food in the irrigation area and carry out the research on system optimization and regulation,this paper constructs the evaluation model of coupling coordination degree of water-energy-food system in large-scale irrigation area based on the theory of system engineering firstly.Then,based on the constructed water resources simulation model of irrigation area,the maximum coupling coordination degree of water-energy-food in irrigation area is taken as the goal and the rice planting proportion of main crops in irrigation area,the drought limit water level of reservoir classification and the proportion of critical period supply of rice water demand are taken as optimization variables.Finally,combined with the Accelerate Genetic Algorithm,the coupling collaborative optimization of water-energy-food system in large-scale irrigation areas based on bilateral optimal regulation of water resources supply and demand is studied.The application results of Hangbuhe Irrigation District show that the proportion of rice planting,the drought limited water level of reservoir classification and staging,and the critical period supply ratio of rice water demand determined in this paper can significantly improve the coupling and coordination relationship of water-energy-food system in the irrigation district compared with the operation status of the irrigation district.The planting area of double cropping rice has been restored to a certain extent and the food yield has been significantly improved.The optimized reservoir drought limited water level and the reservoir limited supply measures in the critical period of rice water demand not only further improve the water resources utilization efficiency of the irrigation district in dry years,but also greatly alleviate the degree of drought reduction of food crops in the irrigation district.Therefore,the bilateral optimal regulation of supply and demand can improve the coupling coordination of water-energy-food system and its adaptability,and provide reference for improving the utilization efficiency of water resources,arranging the production of main food crops and strengthening the coupling and coordinated development of energy and water-food.