羌族神话《燃比娃取火》的神话原型解读

The Mythological Archetype of the Qiang Myth Ranbiwa Steals the Fire

神话《燃比娃取火》是羌族最重要的文化起源神话之一,讲述着神人之子燃比娃历尽磨难的取火过程,其中蕴藏着诸多文化元素和神话原型。神话原型批评的相关理论注重以宏观性和系统性的视角来审视文本对象,不以其为孤立的个体,而是结合整体的人类文化创造,进行“文学人类学”的解读。以该理论来分析《燃比娃取火》,诸多文化信息得以全面展现,神话文本背后所包含的神人结合的原始意象、历尽磨难的英雄原型、原始思维的历史讲述,以及取火行为所隐含的“成人仪礼”等内容,展现出远古羌人对自身与自然关系的思考,以及对族群历史和祖先记忆的抽象表达。

One of the most important myths of cultural origin in Qiang,Ranbiwa Steals the Fire tells about the fire making process of Ranbiwa,the son of God man,which contains many cultural elements and mythological archetypes.The relevant theories of mythological archetypal criticism focus on examining the text object from a macroscopic and systematic perspective,not as an isolated individual,but in combination with the whole human cultural creation,to interpret the"literary anthropology".Based on this theory,many cultural information can be displayed in an all-round way in Ranbiwa Steals the Fire,the original images of the combination of gods and men,the archetypes of heroes who have gone through all kinds of hardships,the historical narration of primitive thinking,and the“rite of passage”implied in the act of making fire are contained in the mythical texts,it shows the thinking of the ancient Qiang people about their relationship with nature,and the abstract expression of their history and ancestral memory.