电极结构对短电弧-电化学复合加工深窄槽影响研究

Effect of Electrode Structure on Short Electric Arc and Electrochemistry Compound Machining Deep Narrow Grooves

深窄槽结构具有尺寸小、深宽比较大的特点,狭小的加工区域存在排屑不畅、散热效果差等问题。为解决深窄槽加工过程中排屑困难的问题,提出通过优化电极结构来提升深窄槽短电弧-电化学复合加工的稳定性。分别设计单孔、多孔及螺旋3种管状电极结构,对不同电极结构加工时的间隙流场状态进行仿真研究。对比不同电极结构极间介质流速与压力的分布状态,并对仿真结果进行实验验证,探究电极结构对短电弧-电化学复合加工性能包括加工效率、尺寸精度、表面质量等指标的影响。实验结果表明:螺旋电极结构相比于单孔电极和多孔电极更能改善极间的流场状态,在保证深窄槽尺寸精度的情况下提高了加工效率与表面质量。

Deep narrow groove structure has the characteristics of small size,large depth to width ratio,small processing area has poor chip discharge,poor heat dissipation effect and other problems.In order to solve the difficulty of chip removal during machining deep narrow grooves,an optimized electrode structure was proposed to improve the compound machining stability of deep narrow grooves.Three tubular electrode structures of single-hole electrode,porous electrode and spiral electrode were designed,and the state of gap flow field during machining with different electrode structures was simulated.The distributions of the velocity and pressure of the inter-electrode medium under different electrode structures were compared,and the simulation results were verified by experiments.The machining efficiency,dimensional accuracy,surface quality and other indicators were used to explore the effect of electrode structure on the short electric arc and electrochemistry compound machining performance.The experimental results show that the spiral electrode structure can improve the flow field state compared with the single-hole electrode and porous electrode,and enhance the machining efficiency and surface quality with ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the deep narrow grooves.