山西沿黄地区农户化肥施用认知、减施意愿及其影响因素研究--基于514份农户调查问卷的实证分析

Study on Farmers’Cognition of Fertilizer Application,Willingness to Reduce Fertilizer Application and Influencing Factors in Yellow River Region of Shanxi Province:An Empirical Analysis Based on 514 Household Questionnaires

基于山西省沿黄地区5个县共514份农户的调查问卷数据,运用统计分析和Logistic回归分析法,对农户的化肥施用认知、减施意愿及其主要影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)调研区内约有53.9%的农户认为过量施用化肥会导致环境污染,58.7%的农户愿意减施化肥,减施意愿较强;(2)过度施用化肥是否会对土壤造成污染、户主亲戚近几年施肥量变化、户主教育水平、农户所在地区这4个因素对农户的化肥减施意愿影响均在1%水平下有极显著正向影响,户主年龄对农户化肥减施意愿影响在1%水平下有极显著负向影响;(3)家庭近几年化肥施用量变化、是否听说过绿色农产品对农户化肥减施意愿均在5%水平下有非常显著正向影响,政府对化肥减量政策的宣传力度对农户化肥减施意愿在10%水平下有显著正向影响。因此,政府应强化内源激励,激发农户减施意愿的持久动力;关注老龄农户的心理认知,利用社会网络,提高减施政策的信息传播效率;培育新型经营主体,推进化肥减量增效。

Based on 514 questionnaires of farmers in five counties along the Yellow River in Shanxi Province,this paper used statistical analysis and Logistic regression analysis to analyze the farmers’cognition of fertilizer application,willingness to reduce fertilizer application and main influencing factors.The results show that:(1)About 53.9%of farmers in the survey area believe that excessive application of chemical fertilizers will lead to environmental pollution.58.7%of farmers are willing to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers,and their willingness to reduce the application is strong.(2)Whether the excessive application of chemical fertilizer will cause pollution to the soil,the change of the amount of fertilizer applied by the head of the household in recent years,the education level of the head of the household,and the region where the farmer is located have a significant positive impact on the willingness of farmers to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer at the 1%level.The age of the head of household has a significant negative effect on the intention to reduce fertilizer application at 1%level.(3)The change of household fertilizer application amount in recent years and whether they have heard of green agricultural products have a significant positive impact on farmers’willingness to reduce fertilizer application at 5%level,and the government’s publicity of fertilizer reduction policy has a significant positive impact on farmers’willingness to reduce fertilizer application at the 10%level.Therefore,the government should strengthen endogenous incentives to stimulate farmers’willingness to reduce the longterm motivation,pay attention to the psychological cognition of elderly farmers,use social networks to improve the efficiency of information dissemination of reduction policies,cultivate new business entities and promote fertilizer reduction and efficiency.