论能量型污染中忍受限度和环境标准的演进与异化

Evolution and alienation of tolerance limits and environmental standards in energy-based environmental pollution

能量型污染侵权的认定通说认为适用过错责任原则,其中“过错”以超出能量环境忍受限度或环境标准为体现,并且二者存在演进的关系和异化的表征。演进分为3个阶段,分别为能量环境容忍义务权益化为环境忍受限度、环境忍受限度客观化为环境质量标准和环境质量标准执行化为污染物排放标准。3次演进的第2、3阶段存在从单一到综合、整体到分散异化的现象。在能量型污染中促成三度演进、阻断两次异化具有必要性和可行性,核心在于始终以人体健康要素作为能量环境忍受限度和环境标准的单独考量,而不应掺杂经济、社会等其他考量要素,以保障能量型污染侵权认定适用过错责任原则的正当性与科学性。

The tort determination of energy-based pollution is generally considered to apply the principle of fault liability,in which“fault”is reflected in the exceeding of energy tolerance limits and environmental standards,and there is an evolutionary relationship and a representation of alienation between them.The evolution is divided into three stages,namely,the obligation to tolerate environmental energy is transformed into environmental tolerance limits,environmental tolerance limits are objectified into environmental quality standards,and environmental quality standards are implemented into pollutant emission standards.The second and third of the three evolutionary stages have the potential for single to integrated and holistic to decentralised alienation.It is necessary and feasible to promote three degrees of evolution in energy-based pollution and to stop two dissimilarities.The core lies in always taking human health as the separate consideration of environmental tolerance limits and environmental standards,without mixing with other considerations such as economic and social considerations,so as to ensure the legitimacy and scientificity of the application of the principle of fault liability in the determination of energy-based pollution tort.