长三角城市群公共数据共享开放政策研究

Policy text analysis of public data sharing and opening in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration

大数据时代,数据已经成为推动经济发展的战略性关键生产要素,各国政府也把公共数据的共享开放作为提升政府治理能力的重要工作之一。本篇论文立足于长三角城市群,以公共数据共享开放相关的政策文本为分析对象,从政策工具、政策内容、政策目标3个维度对现有政策进行编码并进行文本分析,从中挖掘现有政策工具类型、政策内容聚焦以及政策目标定位。首先通过政府网站以及北大法宝相关软件,搜集长三角城市群27个城市的政策文本,并进行仔细研读,接着确定三维度研究框架并进行编码,根据编码分析的结果分析问题。最后分析发现:目前长三角城市群发布的政策工具类型以命令型为主;政策文本内容主要集中于数据生命周期各阶段的管理规范和职责;政策目标着眼于政务部门数据共享的短期目标。基于这些发现,从政策工具、政策内容以及政策目标3个维度制定相应对策建议,其中政策工具方面建议变被动为主动,以激励型、能力型、系统变化型工具打造内驱力,政策内容方面建议变一方为多方,鼓励多方合作强化数据利用,政策目标方面建议目标放长远,以数据资源推进长三角区域一体化,最终通过三个维度的相互协同提高公共数据共享开放治理水平,提升长三角城市群公共数据共享开放能力。

In the era of big data,data has become a strategic key factor of production to promote economic development,and governments also regard the sharing and opening of public data as one of the important tasks to enhance the ability of government governance.Based on the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration,taking the policy texts related to public data sharing and opening as the analysis object,this paper makes a text analysis of the existing policies from three dimensions of policy tools,policy content and policy objectives,from which the types of existing policy tools,the focus of policy content and the orientation of policy objectives are excavated.Firstly,through the government website,Baidu search engine and Peking Law APP,the policy texts of 27 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration are collected and carefully read,and then the three-dimensional research framework is determined and coded,according to the results of coding analysis,the problems are analyzed.It is found that the current policy tools issued by the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration are mainly command-oriented,the content of policy texts mainly focuses on the management norms and responsibilities of each stage of the data life cycle,and the policy objectives focus on the short-term objectives of data sharing in government departments.Based on these findings,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are formulated from three dimensions of policy tools,policy content and policy objectives.Among them,in terms of policy tools,it is suggested to change passivity into initiative,to build internal driving force with incentive,capacity and system change tools,to change one party into many parties in terms of policy content,to encourage multi-party cooperation to strengthen data utilization,and to set long-term goals for policy objectives,so as to promote regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta with data resources.Finally,through the coordination of the three dimensions,we can improve the level of open governance of public data sharing and enhance the open ability of public data sharing in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.