广西小米种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性和相关分析

Genetic diversity and correlation analysis of phenotypic traits in millet germplasm resources in Guangxi

【目的】开展广西小米种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性和相关性分析,为挖掘和利用优异小米地方种质资源、选育小米新品种提供参考依据。【方法】在田间种植新收集的126份广西小米种质资源,对其穗形、穗松紧度、刺毛长度和分蘖性等10个质量性状及株高、穗长、单穗重和千粒重等12个数量性状进行遗传多样性和相关分析,综合评价其农艺性状表现,筛选优异小米地方种质资源。【结果】广西126份小米种质资源在穗形、穗松紧度和刺毛长度等质量性状方面各有特点,表现出较丰富的多样性;株高、主茎粗、主茎节数、穗下节长、穗长、主穗直径、单株草重、单穗重、单穗粒重、千粒重、出苗至抽穗天数和生育期等数量性状的均值分别为131.61 cm、0.53 cm、10.86个、37.35 cm、27.51 cm、1.89 cm、14.08 g、9.63 g、6.47 g、1.37 g、66.12 d和98.56 d,遗传多样性指数在1.9164~2.0620,变异范围为13.84%~49.08%,变异程度排序为单株草重>单穗粒重>单穗重>主茎粗>主穗直茎>穗长>出苗至抽穗天数>千粒重>穗下节间长>主茎节数>株高生>育期。相关分析结果表明,单穗粒重与单穗重、主茎节数、主茎粗、单株草重、主穗直径、千粒重和穗长呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与穗下节长、出苗至抽穗天数和生育期呈不显著负相关(P>0.05,下同),与株高呈不显著正相关,其中,单穗粒重与单穗重的相关性最高(r=0.8869)。综合评价结果表明,GXB2017095、GXB2017096和GXB2017100等6份小米种质的穗长、主穗直径、单穗重、单穗粒重和千粒重表现优异,属于小米地方优异种质资源,P451324030、P450325025和P450332007等8份小米种质的穗长大于35.00 cm,属于长穗小米地方种质资源。【结论】广西小米种质资源的穗形、穗松紧度和刺毛长度及单株草重、单穗粒重、单穗重、穗长和主茎粗等性状均表现出丰富的变异,单穗重、穗长、千粒重、主茎节数、主茎粗和单株草重是影响单株粒重的主要性状;荣朋粘小米、荣朋糯小米和龙弟小米等6份种质综合性状优异,面北粟米、保林粟子和黍禾等8份种质穗长较长,可作为广西小米优异种质资源开发利用。

[Objective]The genetic diversity and correlation analysis of phenotypic traits of Guangxi millet germplasm resources were carried out to provide a reference for the mining and utilization of excellent millet local germplasm resources and the selection and breeding of new millet varieties.[Method]A total of 126 newly collected Guangxi millet germplasm resources were planted in the field,and the genetic diver-sity and correlation analysis of10 quality traits,such as spike shape,spike compactness,bristle length and tillerability,and 12 quantitative traits such as plant height,main panicle length,single panicle weight and 1000-grain weight,were comprehensively evaluated,and excellent millet local germplasm resources were screened.[Result]The 126 millet germplasm resources in Guangxi had their own characteristics in terms of quality traits such as spike shape,spike compactness,and bristle length,showing rich diversity.The mean values of plant height,di-ameter of main stem,number of main stem nodes,peduncle length,panicle length,main panicle diameter,straw weight per plant,single spike weight,single spike grain weight,1000-grain weight,emergent to heading days and period of duration were 131.61 cm,0.53 cm,10.86 nodes,37.35 cm,27.51 cm,1.89 cm,14.08 g,9.63 g,6.47 g,1.37 g,66.12 days and 98.56 days,respectively,and the genetic diversity index was 1.9164-2.0620,the variation range was 13.84%-49.08%,and the degree of variation was straw weight per plant>single pani-cle grain weight>single spike weight>diameter of main stem>main panicle diameter>panicle length>emergent to heading days>1000-grain weight>peduncle length>number of main stem nodes>plant height and period of duration.The correlation results showed that the grain weight of single panicle was extremely positively correlated with spike weight,main stem node number,diameter of main stem,straw weight per plant,main panicle diameter,1000-grain weight and panicle length(P<0.01),and not significantly negatively correlated with the peduncle length,the emergent to heading days and the period of duration(P>0.05,the same as below),and not significantly positive corre-lation with plant height,among which the correlation between single panicle grain weight and single panicle weight was the highest(r=0.8869).The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the panicle length,panicle diameter,single panicle weight,single panicle grain weight and 1000-grain weight of six millet germplasms,including GXB2017095,GXB2017096 and GXB2017100,performed excellently,be-longing to the local excellent germplasm resources of millet,and the panicle length of 8 millet germplasms,including P451324030,P450325025 and P450332007,was greater than 35.00 cm,which belonged to the local germplasm resources of long-spike millet.[Conclusion]The spike shape,spike compactness,bristle length,straw weight per plant,single panicle grain weight,single panicle weight,panicle length and diameter of main stem of Guangxi millet germplasm resources showed rich variation,and single panicle weight,panicle length,1000-grain weight,main stem nodes,diameter of main stem and straw weight per plant were the main traits affecting single plant grain weight Six germplasms,including Rongpeng sticky millet,Rongpeng glutinous millet and Longdi millet,had excellent comprehensive traits,and eight germplasm spikes such as Mianbei millet,Baolin millet and Millet had long lengths,which could be used as excellent germplasm re-sources of millet in Guangxi.