不同地面覆盖方式对‘新郁’葡萄果际光环境及果实品质的影响

Effect of different ground mulching types on light environment and fruit quality of‘Xinyu’grapes

[目的]探讨不同地面覆盖方式对果际光环境、光合特性和果实品质的影响。[方法]以7年生自根苗‘新郁’葡萄为试验材料,果实生长发育期间在地面铺设园艺地布和种植马齿苋,果实着色期测定不同地面覆盖方式下果际光环境和叶片光合特性,果实成熟时测定果皮着色和果实品质。[结果]不同地面覆盖方式下果际光照强度随时间日变化呈单峰曲线,生草的叶幕透射光强略高于对照且时间提前,园艺地布和生草栽培的地面反射辐射强度明显低于对照且时间提前;果际处紫外、紫光、蓝光、蓝绿光、绿光、黄绿光、黄光、黄红、红光和远红外2随时间日变化呈“V”型,远红光呈倒“V”型;光谱有2个吸收高峰,第一个吸收高峰在746.7 nm处,第二个吸收高峰在773 nm处,且果际处第二个光谱吸收值高于第一个吸收高峰;生草覆盖的远红外2、绿光、蓝绿光和黄光的比例发生改变。叶片净光合速率呈“双峰”曲线,生草栽培可延长光合作用时间。园艺地布覆盖降低了果粒质量,提高了果实可溶性固形物,比对照提高6.84%,与对照间无差异;生草栽培可以提高果粒质量但降低了果实可溶性固形物,比对照降低5.08%,和对照无差异。园艺地布覆盖和生草栽培的可滴定酸含量和Vc含量均略高于对照,但无差异性。果皮花色苷含量随果实的成熟而积累,果实成熟采摘时,园艺地布覆盖的果皮花色苷含量最高,对照的花色苷含量最低。[结论]在吐鲁番极端干热地区,与传统清耕相比,可选择生草栽培模式。

[Objective]The effects of different ground mulching types on fruit light environment,photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality were studied.[Method]In the study,seven years old own-rooted grape was used as experimental material,fruit zone light environment and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were measured at the stage of fruit coloring,and peel color and fruit quality were measured when the fruit was ripe under different ground mulching types(inter-row mulch with black geotextile or grass).[Result]The diurnal variation of light intensity in fruit zone was unimodal curve under different ground mulching types.The transmission light intensity of leaf curtain under grass cultivation type was slightly higher than CK and time was earlier than CK.The ground reflection radiation intensity under inter-row mulching with black geotextile and grass cultivation was obviously lower than CK and time was also earlier.The diurnal variation of ultraviolet light,purple light,blue light,blue-green light,green light,yellow-green light,yellow light,yellow-red light,red light and near-infrared light 2 were‘V'shapes,and far-red light had an inverted‘V'shape.The spectrum had two absorption peaks,with the first absorption peak at 746.7 nm and the second absorption peak at 773 nm.The second absorption value at the fruit region was higher than the first absorption peak,and the proportion of near-infrared light 2,green light,blue-green light and yellow light changed under grass cultivation type.The net photosynthetic rate showed a‘double peak'curve,and grass cultivation could prolong the photosynthetic time.Berry weight decreased under black geotextile,and the soluble solid increased by 6.84%compared with the control and there was no difference.However,berry weight was increased for grass cultivation,and the soluble solid decreased by 5.08%compared with the control and there was no difference.Titratable acid content and Vc content were slightly higher for different ground mulch types than for the control.The anthocyanins content of fruit peel accumulated along with fruit ripening,when fruits were ripe,the anthocyanins content for black geotextile was the highest,and the anthocyanins content for the control was the lowest.[Conclusion]In extremely dry and hot areas such as Turpan,grass cultivation type can be selected compared with traditional clear tillage.