猪冷冻精液应用研究进展

Advances in Application of Boar Frozen-Thawed Semen for Artificial Insemination

猪冷冻精液使具有高遗传价值的公猪基因在群体中迅速传播,然而实际生产中的低繁殖率导致其推广应用受限。近20年来使用猪冷冻精液配种的繁殖成绩有了显著提高,配种分娩率达80%以上,产仔数达10头以上。显然这些重大进展不能简单地归功于冷冻保护剂的开发和冷冻程序的优化,而是解冻程序、输精方法、母猪发情排卵调控等一系列操作过程不断改进的结果。本文搜集整理了国内外20世纪80年代至今的27篇猪冷冻精液的生产及应用相关的文献,对其中母猪样本量、输精剂量、精子数量、输精方法时间以及不同处理组等技术因素进行分类,明确冻精繁殖成绩出现显著变化的时间节点,并对提高猪冷冻精液应用效果的技术因素进行分析展望,为进一步提高冷冻精液受精效率提供参考与借鉴。

The use of frozen semen can quickly spread highly valuable boar genes within a population,but the low reproductive rate in actual production limits its promotion and application.In the past two decades,the reproductive performance of using frozen pig semen for breeding has significantly improved,with a breeding and delivery rate of over 80%and a litter size of over 10.Obviously those significant progress can not be simply attributed to the development of cryoprotectants and the optimization of freezing procedures,but rather the result of continuous improvement in operational processes such as thawing procedures,insemination methods,and sow estrus and ovulation regulation.This paper collected 27 literatures related to the application of boar frozen semen for artificial insemination from 1980s to now,and classified the technical factors such as sow sample size,insemination dose,sperm quantity,insemination method and time and different treatment groups.It clarifies the time points at which significant changes in frozen semen breeding results occur,analyzes and looks forward to the technical factors that can improve the application effect of boar frozen semen,and provides reference and guidance for further improving the fertilization efficiency of frozen semen.