数字鸿沟、教育人力资本与劳动力收入

The Digital Divide,Education Human Capital,and Labor Income

数字鸿沟阻碍了信息和机会的平等获取,是现代社会发展面临的严峻挑战。深入分析数字鸿沟对劳动力收入的影响有助于充分理解数字化时代的不平等问题,并为政策制定者提供依据。本文基于2017年中国综合社会调查数据,从数字鸿沟的相关理论与实证分析两方面考察教育人力资本协同作用下跨越数字鸿沟对劳动力收入的影响。研究发现:跨越一级、二级数字鸿沟能够显著提升劳动力收入,教育人力资本可以加强互联网的增收作用,相比于低教育人力资本个体,高教育人力资本个体互联网技能溢价更高,高、低教育人力资本个体会形成收入差距,结论在采用互联网普及率和家人上网等工具变量进行内生性检验后,从小时工资、收入异常值以及收入样本选择三方面变换收入测度方式后依旧具有稳健性。分位数回归表明跨越一级、二级数字鸿沟对中等及高收入群体的增收效应具有统计显著性。建议继续加强互联网基础设施建设,尤其是农村地区的互联网可及性和渗透性;着力打造高质量教育体系,持续提升教育人力资本积累的广度和深度;加强“互联网+人才”的示范性作用,通过促进互联网技术与人才的结合从而推动各行各业的数字化转型,提高生产效率和经济竞争力,加速产业数字化转型升级。

The digital divide hinders equal access to information and opportunities,presenting a significant challenge to modern societal development.In-depth analysis of the impact of the digital divide on labor income helps us fully understand the inequality issues in the digital era and provides policy evidence for policymakers.Based on the Chinese General Social Survey data of 2017,this study examines the influence of bridging the digital divide on labor income,considering the synergy of educational human capital.The research reveals that bridging the first and second levels of the digital divide significantly enhances labor income.Educational human capital strengthens the income-boosting effect of the Internet,individuals with higher education experiencing a higher premium for Internet skills.Income disparities arise between individuals with high and low educational levels.These findings hold robust tests,including endogeneity checks using variables like Internet penetration rates and family Internet usage,as well as alternate income measurement approaches considering hourly wages,income outliers,and sample selections.Quantile regression demonstrates statistically significant income growth effects of bridging the digital divide for middle and high-income groups.Recommendations include strengthening Internet infrastructure,particularly in rural areas,improving Internet accessibility and penetration;focusing on developing a high-quality education system to enhance the breadth and depth of educational human capital accumulation;and harnessing the demonstrative role of“Internet+Talent”to accelerate digital transformation and upgrade industries,boosting productivity and economic competitiveness.