生物有机肥部分替代化肥对生姜产量、养分利用效率及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer partially replacing chemical fertilizer onginger yield, nutrient utilization and soil fertility

以冀姜5号为试验材料,在田间试验条件下,研究生物有机肥部分替代化肥对生姜产量、养分利用效率及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,生物有机肥替代10%~30%化肥可显著增加生姜产量,促进氮磷钾素向生姜根茎中积累和分配,提高肥料表观利用率、农学效率和偏生产力,其中20%生物有机肥+80%化肥(T2)处理生姜产量和肥料表观利用率、农学效率及偏生产力最高,较单施化肥(CF)增产25.60%,纯收益增加22.57%;T2处理氮磷钾肥表观利用率、农学效率和偏生产力分别显著提高43.25%~173.93%、49.55%~70.40%和13.77%~29.63%。随生物有机肥的增加,土壤有机质含量提高,硝态氮含量显著降低,T2处理土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量增幅最大。综上所述,20%生物有机肥+80%化肥(4560 kg·hm^(-2)生物有机肥配施+2400 kg·hm^(-2)化肥)处理为试验条件下生姜最为适宜的施肥模式。

Jijiang No.5 was used as experimental material,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of bio-or-ganic fertilizer partially replacing chemical fertilizer on ginger yield,nutrient utilization and soil fertility under equal chemical fertilizer supplying.The results showed that bio-organic fertilizer replacing 10%-30%chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the yield of ginger,promote the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassi-um to ginger rhizomes,and improve fertilizer apparent utilization rate,agronomic efficiency and partial productivity.Among them,the treatment of 20%bio-organic fertilizer combined with 80%chemical fertilizer(T2)had the highest ginger yield,fertilizer apparent utilization rate,agronomic efficiency and partial productivity,significantly increased the yield by 25.60%,and the net income increased by 22.57%,respectively,compared with the single chemical fertilizer treat-ment(CF).Compared with CF,the apparent utilization rate,agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and Potassium of T2 treatment were significantly increased by 43.25%-173.93%,49.55%-70.40%and 13.77%-29.63%,respectively.With the increase of bio-organic fertilizer,the content of soil organic matter improved,and the content of nitrate nitrogen decreased significantly.The content of total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in T2 treatment increased the most.In conclusion,20%bio-organic fertilizer combined with 80%chemical fertilizer(4560 kg·hm^(-2) bio-organic fertilizer combined with 2400 kg·hm^(-2) chemical fertilizer)was the best fertilization mode for ginger production under the experimental conditions.