《清代南部县衙档案》俗语词考释五则

An Analysis of the Five Popular Colloquial Terms in Yamen Archives of Nanbu County in the Qing Dynasty

《清代南部县衙档案》是我国保存最完整、最系统的清代县级地方政权档案,但内容多为手写,俗语词数量繁多,不利于档案的阅读、整理与研究。其中“焚献”“左半头”“崘”“原恳”“跴明”五则俗语词意思让人费解,容易误判。根据具体语境,结合文献及方言,认为“焚献”即“经管香火”,“左半头”即“左边”,“崘”即“路坎”,“原恳”即“向司法机关提出诉讼的一方”,“跴明”即“勘测清楚”。考释俗语词词义,可以消除《清代南部县衙档案》阅读障碍,补充辞书未收词条或义项。

Among the extant archives in China,Yamen Archives of Nanbu County in the Qing Dynasty is the most well-preserved,and systematically organized collection of county-level local government archives in the Qing dynasty.The majority of the content is handwritten,with a large number of colloquial words,posing challenges to the reading,organization,and research of the archives.Among them,the meanings of the five colloquial words“Fenxian”(焚献),“Zuobantou”(左半头),“Lun”(崘),“Yuanken”(原恳)and“Caiming”(跴明)are difficult to understand and prone to misjudgment.Based on the context,combined with historical literature and regional dialects,their meaning and the motivation for word formation are analyzed.“Fenxian”(焚献)refers to“managing incense and fire”,“Zuobantou”(左半头)refers to“left side”,“Lun”(崘)refers to“road ridge”,“Yuanken”(原恳)refers to“the party filing a lawsuit with the judicial authority”,and“Caiming”(跴明)refers to textual research clear investigation”.Interpreting the meanings of colloquial words helps to eliminate reading barriers in Yamen Archives of Nanbu County in the Qing Dynasty,and supplement vocabulary items or meanings that are not included in dictionaries.