考虑人群分布和跨越行为的大型活动现场疏散仿真研究

A Study on Evacuation Simulation Considering CrowdDistribution and Straddling Behavior in Large Event Sites

针对大型活动现场存在“密集”“离散”两种不同人群分布的变化情况,建立了改进的元胞自动机疏散仿真模型,分析了两种人群分布下跨越行为对疏散过程的影响,结果表明,无论是人群密集还是离散分布,跨越行为对疏散过程具有正向影响作用。在此基础上,进一步研究了出口宽度和跨越人员数量变化对疏散过程的影响规律,结果表明:人群密集分布时,跨越行为对提高疏散效率具有良好作用;人群离散分布时,出口宽度较小会出现由跨越导致的拥堵现象,不过若限制跨越人群的数量,可在保持疏散时间步的基础上降低最大人流密度。研究对于大型活动现场发生紧急事故时的人群疏散具有理论参考和现实指导意义。

In view of the changes of"dense"and"discrete"crowd distribution in large-scale event sites,an improved cellular automaton evacuation simulation model is established to analyze the impact of straddling behavior on evacuation process under the two kinds of crowd distributions.The results show that whether the crowd is dense or discrete,straddling behavior has a positive effect on evacuation process.On this basis,the influence of the exit width and the number of straddling personnel on the evacuation process is further studied.The results show that:when the crowd is densely distributed,the straddling behavior has a good effect on improving the evacuation efficiency.When the crowd is distributed discretely,the congestion caused by straddling will occur if the exit width is small.However,if the number of straddling crowds is limited,the maximum crowd density can be reduced while the evacuation time step is maintained.The study has theoretical reference and practical significance for crowd evacuation in the event of an emergency at a large event site.