矿山企业矿山环境治理成效影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of mine environmental management effect of mining enterprises

我国《矿山地质环境保护规定》明确规定矿山企业是矿山环境治理的责任主体,但在具体实施中,矿山企业的矿山环境治理成效存在明显的差异。为探究差异背后的原因,以矿山环境治理成效为被解释变量,矿山环境治理投资为解释变量,构建随机效应模型,对我国三万余家矿山2020—2021年的面板数据进行回归分析,并进一步探讨其地区异质性。研究结果表明:除矿山技术水平、绿色矿山建设对矿山环境治理成效的影响不明显外,矿山环境治理投资、矿山环境压力、矿种、生产状况、开采方式均显著影响矿山环境治理成效。其中,矿山环境治理投资、矿山环境压力与矿山环境治理成效显著正相关。从矿种来看,能源矿山与金属矿山正向支撑矿山环境治理成效;从生产状况来看,停产矿山与关闭或闭坑矿山有助于矿山环境治理成效的提升;从开采方式来看,露天开采矿山正向影响矿山环境治理成效,地下开采矿山则对矿山环境治理成效具有显著负面影响。以上所有因素对矿山环境治理成效的影响均存在明显地区异质性。

Regulations on the Protection of Geological Environment in Mines of China clearly stipulate that mining enterprises are the main responsible parties for mine environmental management.However,in the specific implementation,it has been found that there are significant differences in the effect of mine environmental management among mining enterprises.In order to explore the reasons behind the differences,takes the mine environmental management effect as the dependent variable,and the environmental management investment of mining enterprises as the independent variable,constructs a random effect model,conducts regression analysis on the panel data of more than 30000 mines in China from 2020 to 2021,and further discusses the regional heterogeneity.The research results indicate that except for the unclear impact of mining technology level and green mining construction on the effect of mining environmental management,investment in mining environmental management,mining environmental pressure,mineral types,production states,and mining methods all significantly affect the effect of mining environmental management.Among them,there is a significant positive correlation between investment in mining environmental management,mining environmental pressure,and the effect of mining environmental management.From the perspective of mineral types,energy mines and metal mines positively support the effect of mine environmental management;from the perspective of production states,discontinued mines and closed or closed pit mines contribute to the improvement of the effect of mine environmental management;from the perspective of mining methods,open-pit mining has a positive impact on the effect of mine environmental management,while underground mining has a significant negative impact on the effect of mine environmental management.And all of the above factors have significant regional heterogeneity in their impact on the effect of mine environmental management.