水泡性口炎病毒作为疫苗载体的应用

Applications of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as Vaccine Vector

病毒载体广泛应用于传染病疫苗研发,基于水泡性口炎病毒载体的埃博拉疫苗和多款基于腺病毒载体的新型冠状病毒疫苗已获批上市。其中水泡性口炎病毒具有易培养、安全高效、无整合风险、受人体预存免疫影响低、能刺激机体产生高强度细胞和体液免疫反应等优势,因此成为最有前景的病毒载体之一。本综述对重组水泡性口炎病毒载体的疫苗构建、应用以及面临的挑战和未来研究方向进行总结,为深入研究基于水泡性口炎病毒载体疫苗的提供了参考,也为新发突发传染病的防治提供新的策略和建议。

Viral vectors have been widely applied in the development of infectious disease vaccines.Ebola vaccines based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)and several adenovirus-based vaccines for COVID-19 have been approved for emergency use.Among them,VSV is considered as one of the most promising viral vectors due to its advantages,such as easy cultivation,high safety and efficacy,low risk of integration,low impact of pre-existing immunity,and ability to stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses.This review summarizes the construction and application of recombinant VSV vectors for vaccine development,as well as the challenges and future research directions.It provides a reference for in-depth research on vaccines based on VSV vectors and offers new strategies and recommendations for prevention and treatment of newly emerging infectious diseases.