空气甲醛污染的植物修复机制

Phytoremediation mechanisms of air formaldehyde pollution

基于植物的生理代谢特性和环境适应性,植物修复是空气甲醛清除最为节能环保和有效的方法。对大量室内观赏植物、部分小型野生植物和农作物及基因改造植物的甲醛清除作用的调查研究可知,植物对甲醛的清除过程涉及甲醛的吸收、转运和代谢3个阶段,植物通过叶片(主要是气孔、保卫细胞、叶表角质膜扩散)和根毛吸收甲醛,植物吸收的甲醛大部分在吸收部位的组织细胞中代谢,小部分转运至根际或者从根部转运至叶,植物代谢甲醛的途径主要为卡尔文循环、C1代谢和乙醛酸代谢,不同代谢途径的作用和特点不同。基于此,关于空气甲醛污染进行植物修复的进一步研究提出3点建议:①开发甲醛清除能力强的植物种类;②探索植物代谢甲醛的新途径;③深入分析甲醛代谢对植物正常光合作用及生物质产生的影响。

Phytoremediation is the most energy⁃saving,environmentally friendly,and effective method for the air formaldehyde removal based on the physiological and metabolic characteristics and environmental adaptability of plants.The formaldehyde removal efficiencies of many indoor ornamental plants and some small wild plants,crops and genetically modified plants have been investigated.Plant formaldehyde scavenging involves three stages:absorption,transport and metabolism.Formaldehyde is absorbed by plants mainly through the leaves(stomata,guard cells,and leaf surface cuticle diffusion)and root hair.Most of the formaldehyde absorbed by plants was metabolized in tissue cells at the absorption site,and a small portion is transported to the rhizosphere or from the roots to the leaves.Formaldehyde is metabolized primarily through the Calvin cycle,C1 metabolism and glyoxylate pathway.Different metabolic pathways have distinct roles and characteristics.Based on this,the following suggestions are proposed:(1)Development of plant species with a strong formaldehyde⁃scavenging ability.(2)Exploring new ways for plants to metabolize formaldehyde.(3)It is necessary to make a profound study on the effects of formaldehyde metabolisms on normal photosynthesis and biomass production in plants.