西藏野生石榴果实重要性状与综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation on important traits of wild pomegranate fruits from Tibet

【目的】对西藏干热河谷地区采集的21个野生石榴单株果实样本,进行综合分析与评价,为野生石榴种质资源的保存表型数据库提供资料,也为选育优良石榴品种提供科学依据。【方法】采用游标卡尺、电子天平、质构仪和蒽酮比色法等测定21个石榴样本的果实外观和内在品质,并进行相关性分析;采用“合理⁃满意度”和多维价值理论合并规则的综合评价方法,将单果质量、果形指数、果皮厚度、籽粒硬度、百粒质量、出籽率、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量、糖酸比和固酸比等12个指标进行对比分析和综合评价。【结果】格布5号果型指数最大;军拥1号单果质量最小,果皮最薄,百粒质量最小,糖酸比最低;则拉1号的果皮厚度最大;昌西1号百粒质量最大;叶巴1号出籽率最大;古拉3号出籽率最低;古拉1号可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量最高;昌西3号维生素C含量最高;珠拉1号糖酸比和固酸比最大。部分指标存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关或负相关;合成“合理⁃满意度”最高的为珠拉1号。【结论】21个野生石榴样本间的果实品质差异明显,野生石榴大多具有果小、硬籽、较酸的特点,且样本间的果实品质差异明显,从表型层面展现了野生石榴资源丰富的遗传变异性。从最终合成的“合理⁃满意度”来看,珠拉1号的整体果实内外品质性状最佳,可进行引种,选育。

【Objective】The fruit samples of 21 wild pomegranate plants collected in the dry⁃hot valley area of Tibet were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated to provide information for phenotypic database of wild pomegranate germplasms and provide scientific basis for breeding excellent pomegranate varieties.【Method】The fruit external and internal qualities of 21 pomegranate samples were determined by vernier caliper,electronic balance,texture analyzer and anthrone colorimetry,and the correlation analysis was carried out.Based on the comprehensive evaluation methods including‘reasonable satisfaction’and multidimensional value theory,12 indexes,such as single fruit weight,fruit shape index,peel thickness,seed hardness,100⁃aril weight,seed yield,soluble sugar content,soluble solids content,titratable acid content,vitamin C content,sugar⁃acid ratio and solid⁃acid ratio were selected to analyze and evaluate comprehensively.【Result】The fruit shape index of Gebu 5 was the largest.Junyong 1 had the smallest single fruit weight,the thinnest peel,the smallest 100⁃aril weight,and the lowest sugar⁃acid ratio.The peel thickness of Zela 1 was the largest;Changxi 1 had the largest 100⁃aril weight;the seed yield of Yeba 1 was the highest while Gula 3 the lowest.The content of soluble solids and soluble sugar in Gula 1 was the highest.Changxi 3 had the highest vitamin C content;sugar⁃acid ratio and solid⁃acid ratio of Zhula 1 were the largest.Correlations between some indexes were significant(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01)positive or negative.The highest synthetic‘reasonable satisfaction’was Zhula 1.【Conclusion】The fruit qualities of 21 wild pomegranate samples were significantly different.Most of wild pomegranates were characterized by small fruit,hard seed and high content of acids,indicating a rich genetic variability of wild pomegranate resources at the phenotypic level.According to the results of final synthetic‘reasonable⁃satisfaction’,the overall fruit external and internal quality traits of Zhula 1 are optimal,which can be used as resources for introduction and selective breeding.