《孟子》事亲为本协治家国的意蕴与路径

Implications and Paths of Putting the Family in the First Place and Co-governing the Family and Country in Mencius

孔孟的思想体系建基于人性爱亲情感的先验判断,并始终围绕着责任伦理在治理方面的重要作用展开。孟子承继、发扬孔子的思想,他提出的各亲其亲、长其长之论可阐释出亲长率治家国的政治理念。孟子指出家庭组织是治理秩序的基础单元,宗亲共同体内成员服从亲长管理以受其庇护,温情纽带下统治权力与责任的呼应从家庭推衍到天下,责任伦理成为治理家国的共同逻辑。《孟子》文本申言儒家差等伦理秩序,事亲为本的意蕴涵摄仁义而成为治理各自政治层级以促成治权与责任对应的方式,其进路也能防止僭越与统治者滥用权力。囿于时代,《孟子》意旨中宗亲组织压抑个性的不足与当今法治精神相抵牾,然而孟子所论事亲为本利于化解权力滥用所导致的治理难题。《孟子》中对权力、责任对应的阐释不应被忽视,其协治家国的思路能够超越时代局限性而衔接当代法治。

The ideological system of Confucius and Mencius is based on the priori judgment of human affection of loving family members,and it always revolves around the important role of responsibility ethics in governance.Mencius inherits and carries forward Confucianism,and his view of loving parents and respecting elders can interpret the political idea of their governing the family and country.Mencius points out that the family organization is the basic unit of governance order,the clan s community members subordinate themselves to the governance of parents and elders and are protected by them,under the warm bond the echo of ruling power and responsibility extends from the family to the world,and the ethic of responsibility becomes the common logic of governing the family and country.The text of Mencius declares that Confucian ethical order has ranks,the implication of putting the family in the first place including kindheartedness and justice becomes a way of governing the respective political levels to promote the correspondence between power and responsibility,and the access can also prevent the arrogation and rulers abusing power.Restricted by the times,the shortcoming of clan relatives organization suppressing personality in the content of Mencius contradicts the current spirit of the rule of law.However,Mencius view of putting the family in the first place is conducive to resolving the governance problems caused by the abuse of power.The corresponding interpretation of power and responsibility in Mencius shouldn t be ignored,and its idea of co-governing the family and country can transcend the limitations of the times and connect with the contemporary rule of law.