综掘工作面气雾涡旋降尘技术研究及应用

Study and Application of Air Fog Vortex Dust Removal Technique in Fully Mechanized Excavating Face

针对综掘工作面空间狭小、产尘量大、二次扬尘污染严重等问题,以玉华煤矿柴家沟井4-2煤层42221综掘工作面为例,实测分析了综掘巷道沿程粉尘分布规律,提出了基于通风和重力降尘理论的综掘工作面气雾涡旋降尘技术。结合气水喷雾降尘和离心力降尘,设计了可并联装配的气雾涡旋发生器,阐述了不同粒径粉尘在气雾涡旋发生器中的运动规律;采用模块化设计思路,设计了由风流捕集、初级过滤、气雾团聚、涡旋分离、重力卸灰及二次气雾6个模块组成的综掘工作面气雾涡旋降尘装置。采用试验测试方法分析了气雾涡旋降尘装置中供水供气压力对降尘效率的影响,并研究了降尘效率与气水比、液气比的关系。结果表明:随着与掘进头处距离的增加,42221综掘巷道生产期间沿程粉尘浓度逐渐减小。全尘降尘效率随着供水压力和供气压力增大而升高;呼尘降尘效率随着供水压力增大而升高,随着供气压力增大先升高后降低;处理风量随着供水和供气压力增大而增大;液气比随着供水压力增大而增大,随着供气压力增大而减小。当供水压力和供气压力为0.4 MPa(即气水比为1)或液气比控制在0.070~0.075时,气雾涡旋降尘装置的综合性能最佳。经现场应用,柴家沟井42221综掘巷道平均降尘率约88%。

In view of the problems of narrow space,large dust production and serious secondary dust pollution in comprehensive excavation working face,taking 42221 comprehensive excavation face of 4-2 coal seam in Chaijiagou Well of Yuhua Coal Mine as an example,the dust distribution law along the comprehensive excavation roadway is analyzed through field measurement.Based on the dust reduction theory of ventilation and gravity and the dust reduction technology of aerosol vortex in comprehensive excavation working face is put forward.Combined with gas-water spray dust reduction and centrifugal force dust reduction,an aerosol vortex generator that can be assembled in parallel is designed,and the motion law of dust with different particle sizes in the aerosol vortex generator is described.Based on the modular design idea,an aerosol vortex dust reduction device for comprehensive excavation face is designed,which is composed of six modules:air flow collection,primary filtration,aerosol agglomeration,vortex separation,gravity ash discharge and secondary mist dust suppression.The influence of water supply and air supply pressure on dust reduction efficiency in aerosol vortex dust reduction device is analyzed by experimental test method,and the relationship between dust reduction efficiency and gas-water ratio and liquid-gas ratio is studied.The results show that with the increase of the distance from the head,the dust concentration of 42221 roadways decreases gradually.The total dust reduction efficiency increases with the increase of water supply pressure and air supply pressure.The respirable dust reduction efficiency increases with the increase of water supply pressure,but it first increases and then decreases with the increase of air supply pressure.The treatment air volume increases with the increase of water supply pressure and air supply pressure.The liquid-gas ratio increases with the increase of water supply pressure,but it gradually decreases with the increase of air supply pressure.When the water supply pressure and the air supply pressure are 0.4 MPa(the gas-water ratio is 1),or when the liquid-gas ratio is controlled at 0.070~0.075,the comprehensive performance of the aerosol vortex dust reduction device is the best.Field application results show that the average dust concentration reduction rate of the 42221 comprehensive excavation roadway is about 88%.