高压气态储氢技术形势分析

Analysis of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology

在加速能源行业转型的背景下,氢能凭借零污染、能量高、资源丰富、用途广泛等优点,氢能产业受到了国家的高度重视。氢气的稳定性极差,泄漏后易发生燃烧和爆炸,使得安全性低、储运难度大、成本高,从而对氢气的储运技术提出了更高的挑战。安全、经济、高效的储运氢已成为当前制约氢能规模应用的主要瓶颈之一。在诸多储运技术中,高压气态储氢技术为目前发展最为成熟、应用最广泛的技术。本文通过对2003年以来美国、中国、日本、韩国等126个国家/地区进行数据检索,抓取高压气态储氢技术相关领域共2276条专利进行分析,分析专利申请趋势、技术聚焦点、垄断性、持有者情况和市场布局等,研究技术创新热度、申请趋势、地域布局情况和企业现状等情况,为是否进入该技术领域、技术研究方向、专利布局点等提供支持。通过分析,高压气态储氢技术领域垄断性整体处于较低水平,热点技术主要集中在高压气态储氢容器、复合材料、铝合金等方向,未来还需向轻量化、高压化、低成本、质量稳定等方向发展。技术研发整体呈上升趋势,新进入企业数量逐年增多,但高水平技术专利较少,加快技术申请进程,应尽快建立技术壁垒。中国在高压气态储氢领域的研发投入较大,未来国内市场竞争激烈。

The hydrogen sector has gained considerable attention in accelerating energy industry transformation owing to its zero pollution,high energy,rich resources,and versatile applications.However,the inherent instability and safety concerns of hydrogen,such as its susceptibility to burn and explode after leakage,pose challenges to its storage and transportation and overall cost-effectiveness.Efficient,economical,and safe hydrogen storage and transportation have become one of the main bottlenecks of the large-scale application of hydrogen technology.Among various storage and transportation technologies,high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology is the most mature and widely used technology at present.By analyzing 2276 patents related to high-pressure gas hydrogen storage technology in 126 countries worldwide since 2003,we can know patent application trends,technological focus areas,monopolization tendencies,patent holders,market distribution,etc.This study aims to shed light on innovation heat,application trends,regional distribution,and the status of enterprises in the field,providing support for potential market entry,research directions,distribution points,etc.The analysis reveals that overall technological monopolies in this field are low.The technologies of considerable interest mainly revolved around high-pressure hydrogen storage containers,composite materials,aluminum alloys,etc.In the future,developing high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage should focus on achieving lightweight,high-pressure solutions with low costs and stable quality.Although the number of new enterprises is increasing annually,the quantity of high-level technology patents remains limited.Therefore,expediting the technology application process and establishing technical barriers at the earliest opportunity is crucial.China has made substantial research and development investments in high-pressure hydrogen storage is large,indicating that the future domestic market competition is fierce.